Ch 15 Classification systems

Question 1

what does a classification system do

Answer 1

• There are many species ~2 million known, and an estimated ~20 million unknown
• A classification system logically organisms all these species into a manegable order
• It gives each organism (Species) a specific, unique name, for ease of identification
• It also places all life into groups with biological significance

Question 2

what system predated the Linnaeus system

Answer 2

Initially scientists used Latin and Greek which everyone understood, but the “name” was a long description of the species that could vary and wasn’t very practical

Question 3

what did Linnaeus do

Answer 3

• Carolus Linnaeus devised a system called binomial nomenclature (2-name-system)
• The Genus name is used for closely related species in a group (capitalized)
• The Species name identifies the species (written italics)
• Linnaeus assigned species to taxa (groups) based on physical traits in a process called taxonomy

Question 4

what are the levels of taxa

Answer 4

• The most specific are species
• closely related species share a genus
• groups of related genus’ share a family
• groups of related families share an order
• groups of related orders share a class
• groups of related classes share a phylum
• groups of related phyla share a kingdom
• domains contain phyla and are the largest group of taxa

Question 5

what is biochemical taxonomy

Answer 5

Biochemical taxonomy is the process of using DNA and other molecules to determine the relations of certain animals

Question 6

how are taxonomy and evolution related

Answer 6

• Organizing organisms into taxa can be complicated so species sometimes move around
• Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships are related as taxa are organized, based on how closely related organism are. Members of a genus, share a recent common ancestor

Question 7

what are the modern 6 kingdoms

Answer 7

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Question 8

what are eubacteria and archea

Answer 8

• prokaryotic
• either heterotroph or autotroph
• single celled
• very old
• differ based on cell wall and anaerobic

Question 9

what are protists

Answer 9

• all Single celled Eukaryotes (minus yeast)
• heterotroph or autotroph

Question 10

what are fungi

Answer 10

• Multicellular and Eukaryotes (minus yeast which is single celled)
• Heterotrophic
• non-cellulose cell walls

Question 11

what are plants

Answer 11

• Multicellular Eukaryotes
• Autotrophic
• Cellulose cell walls

Question 12

what are animals

Answer 12

• multicellular eukaryotes
• heterotrophic
• no cell wall