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random mammography > Ch. 6 Breast Imaging Mammography > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Breast Imaging Mammography Flashcards

1
Q

means on the other side of the body

A

contralateral

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2
Q

is the device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam

A

detector

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3
Q

the range of underexposure or overexposure that can occur while still producing an acceptable image

A

exposure latitude

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4
Q

how much do digital receptors correct for underexposure and overexposure

A

50% under 100% over

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5
Q

the most inferior aspect of the breast where the breast attaches to the anterior chest wall

A

inframammary fold or crease

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6
Q

means on the same side

A

ipsilateral

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7
Q

the imaginary line running perpendicular from the pectoral muscle to the nipple in both the craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique(MLO) projections

A

posterior nipple line (PNL)

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8
Q

refers to the subject or part being radiographed and the result of differential absorption of the radiation by the part.

A

subject contrast

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9
Q

anatomy with high subject contrast

A

bone and soft tissue

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10
Q

anatomy with low subject contrast

A

breast

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11
Q

the method used to localize a lesion in the breast

A

triangulation

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12
Q

a measure of the percentage of energy that strikes a receptor material that is actually absorbed by the receptor

A

absorption effeciency

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13
Q

converts analog signal from the image receptor/detector to a digital signal for the computer to manipulate for processing, display, and storage

A

analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

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14
Q

scans the image receptor with a laser beam to initiate the emission of light.

A

computer reader or CR

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15
Q

the percentage of energy absorbed by a receptor that is converted to usable output

A

conversion effeciency

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16
Q

the term used to describe a spherical, fluid-filled structure

A

cyst

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17
Q

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of skin lesions, multiple benign hamartomas, and neoplastic growth throughout the body

A

Cowden’s syndrome

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18
Q

the product of absorption and conversion efficiency

A

detective quantum efficiency (DQE)

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19
Q

the percentage of energy that strikes a receptor and results in a useful output signal

A

detective quantum efficiency (DQE)

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20
Q

measures how efficiently a digital detector can convert the remnant beam to useful data

A

detective quantum efficiency (DQE)

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21
Q

higher detective quantum efficiency (DQE) means _________ patient dose

A

lower

22
Q

are vacuum tubes with two electrodes: a cathode and an anode

A

diodes

23
Q

in digital imaging is determined by the “window” and “level” of the displayed region of the breast

A

display contrast

24
Q

the range of intensities that are displayed

A

window

25
Q

the range of values over which a system can respond and is known as the gray-scale range.

A

dynamic range

26
Q

refers to the number of shades of gray that can be represented in each pixel and represents the receptors ability to respond to different exposure levels

A

dynamic range

27
Q

the range of underexposure or overexposure that can occur in producing an acceptable image.

A

exposure latitude

28
Q

what is the percentage of under and over exposure that is acceptable for an analog image

A

30% underexposure and 50% over exposure

29
Q

describes how much of the patient is imaged in the matrix

A

Field of view (FOV)

30
Q

is equal to the pixel size x the matrix size

A

Field of view

31
Q

is a rare hereditary condition in which individuals are predisposed to multiple cancers, caused by an alteration in the p53 tumor supressor gene

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

32
Q

refers to the layout of cells in rows and columns

A

matrix

33
Q

the ability of the detector system to transfer its spatial resolution characteristics to the image of the available spatial frequencies to produce an image that is exactly like the object.

A

Modulation transfer function (MTF)

34
Q

the random background information that is detected but does not contribute to the image quality

A

noise

35
Q

refers to the apparent displacement of an observed object when it is imaged from two or more different points

A

parallax

36
Q

a material that, when irradiated, produces free electrons.

A

photoconductor

37
Q

the release of stored energy within a phosphor or photostimulable plate by stimulation with visible light

A

photostimulated luminescence (PSL)

38
Q

the process by which certain materials emit a flash of light in response to the absorbtion of ionization radiation.

A

scintillation

39
Q

inorganic crystals that respond to ionization radiation by scintillation

A

scintillation phosphors

40
Q

measures the ability to respond to or register small changes or differences

A

sensitivity

41
Q

a comparison of the strength of the information in the digital image to the strength of the noise in the image

A

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

42
Q

In DR, images will have more signal strength at ___ spatial frequencies

A

low

43
Q

increased noise results in ______ contrast

A

decreased

44
Q

measured in line pairs per centimeter or line pairs per millimeter

A

spatial frequency

45
Q

what size objects are able to be imaged using high spatial frequency?

A

small objects

46
Q

______ spatial frequencies also give better spatial resolution

A

higher

47
Q

the ability to distinguish and separate between two adjacent structures in the image.

A

spatial resolution

48
Q

the quality of being precise rather than general. an imaging system that is highly specific can effectively differentiate between normal and abnormal changes within the breast

A

specificity

49
Q

lying face up or on the back

A

supine

50
Q

the process whereby the technologist postprocesses the image, allowing only a “window” of the entire dynamic range to be viewed on the computer monitor.

A

windowing

51
Q

controls the brightness display

A

window level

52
Q

controls the brightness difference displayed, or contrast

A

window width

random mammography (9 decks)

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