Ch. 4 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Breast

Question 1

the redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes. The condition results from dilation or congestion of the superficial capillaries.

Answer 1

erythema

Question 2

death of fatty tissue in the breast that can occur spontaneously but is usually the result of biopsy, injury, or radiation therapy. The cavity can also fill with irregular-shaped calcifications, giving it a malignant appearance mammographically.

Answer 2

fat necrosis

Question 3

oval lesions that may contain calcifications. often identified by its characteristic mammographic appearance.

Answer 3

fibroadenomas

Question 4

a benign tumor that is the result of proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue and is generally surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue.

Answer 4

hamaratoma or fibroadenolipoma

Question 5

can be asymmetric densities and round or oval lesions, and they most often occur in premenopausal women. they are prominent fibrous tissue, similar to ligament or scar tissue. mammographically, the mass is benign appearing, and on ultrasound, it can be indistinguishable from a fibroadenoma.

Answer 5

fibrous nodules or focal fibrosis

Question 6

a benign milk-filled cyst with a high fat content. these lesions are generally associated with lactation. the are usually circular with defined borders.

Answer 6

galactocele

Question 7

rare and almost always benign. in the breast they are felt as smooth, movable, and hard lumps.

Answer 7

granular cell tumors

Question 8

a benign increase of tissue in the male breast.

Answer 8

gynecomastia

Question 9

seen mammographically as a complete or partial radiolucent ring around the circumference of the mass.it represents compression of fat adjacent to a mass. are rarely malignant but doesn’t rule out malignancy.

Answer 9

halo

Question 10

a benign tumor containing a mass of blood vessels. it can slowly calcify, forming a large high optical density calcification in the breast

Answer 10

hemangioma

Question 11

mixed optical density oval or circular lesions. is formed by the pooling of blood as a result of trauma.

Answer 11

hematomas and microhematomas

Question 12

was first described by Thomas Hodgkin

Answer 12

hodgkin’s disease

Question 13

a malignant lymphoma affecting patients typically in their early 30’s. begins as enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, or groin but will metastasize gradually to the lymphatic tissue on both sides of the diaphragm or to tissues outside the lymph node.

Answer 13

hodgkin’s disease

Question 14

refers to the microscopic analysis of organs and body tissues.

Answer 14

histology

Question 15

an overgrowth of cells lining the ducts or lobules. the increased cellular activity can sometimes result in microcalcifications. usually develops naturally as the breast changes with age. not a form of breast cancer but can be a risk factor for developing breast cancer in the future.

Answer 15

hyperplasia or epithelial hyperplasia

Question 16

a prefix meaning “occurring within”

Answer 16

intra

Question 17

refers to the entire spectum of fibrocystic changes including; sclerosing adenosis, epithelial hyperplasia, cysts, duct stasis, and ductal hyperplasia.

Answer 17

juvenille papillomatosis

Question 18

skin lesions. mammographically appear as lobulated circular or oval masses with mixed densities

Answer 18

keratoses

Question 19

a fatty tumor

Answer 19

lipoma

Question 20

the accumulation of lymph in the soft tissues

Answer 20

lymphedema

Question 21

an infection most often affecting women who are breast feeding or have cracks in the breast skin

Answer 21

mastitis

Question 22

a malignant tumor of the melanocytes

Answer 22

melanoma

Question 23

refers to the science of the shape, form , and optical density of an individual structure

Answer 23

morphology

Question 24

appear as high optical density tumors with lucent centers and eggshell-like calcifications

Answer 24

oil cysts

Question 25

a solid lump of wart-like growth in the breast ducts

Answer 25

papillomas

Question 26

refers to the main or functional tissue in an organ

Answer 26

parenchyma

Question 27

describes the skin of the breast when the breast skin thickens and develops prominent pores, resembling an orange skin

Answer 27

peau d’orange

Question 28

a prefix meaning “around”

Answer 28

peri

Question 29

are rare fibroepithelial tumors

Answer 29

phyllodes tumors

Question 30

an inflammatory reaction characterized by the presence of plasma cells surrounding a dilated duct.

Answer 30

plasma cell mastitis, periductal mastitis, ductal ectasia

Question 31

considered a risk for subsequent breast cancer

Answer 31

radial scar

Question 32

are any cancers arising from mesenchymal connective tissue, such as: . nerves, muscles, cartilage, blood vessels, or even bone.

Answer 32

sacromas

Question 33

a sarcoma with a large amount of connective tissue

Answer 33

fibrosarcoma

Question 34

a tumor derived from embryonal fat cells

Answer 34

liposarcoma

Question 35

a tumor arising from blood vessels

Answer 35

angiosarcoma

Question 36

a tumor of the bone

Answer 36

osteosarcoma

Question 37

a tumor containing histiocytes

Answer 37

fibrous histiocytoma

Question 38

a benign proliferative condition of the terminal duct lobular units characterized by an increased number of the acini and their glands.

Answer 38

sclerosing adenosis

Question 39

an indication of a benign process.

Answer 39

silhouette sign

Question 40

benign skin growths consisting of fibers, nerve cells, fat cells, and an epidermis.

Answer 40

skin tags, acrochordon, or cutaneous papillomas

Question 41

usually malignant lesions with a solid distinct tumor center and sharp high optical density lines of variable length radiating in all directions away from the center.

Answer 41

spiculated or stellate lesions

Question 42

the supporting tissue of an organ, including the connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels

Answer 42

stroma