Ch. 4 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Breast Flashcards
the redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes. The condition results from dilation or congestion of the superficial capillaries.
erythema
death of fatty tissue in the breast that can occur spontaneously but is usually the result of biopsy, injury, or radiation therapy. The cavity can also fill with irregular-shaped calcifications, giving it a malignant appearance mammographically.
fat necrosis
oval lesions that may contain calcifications. often identified by its characteristic mammographic appearance.
fibroadenomas
a benign tumor that is the result of proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue and is generally surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue.
hamaratoma or fibroadenolipoma
can be asymmetric densities and round or oval lesions, and they most often occur in premenopausal women. they are prominent fibrous tissue, similar to ligament or scar tissue. mammographically, the mass is benign appearing, and on ultrasound, it can be indistinguishable from a fibroadenoma.
fibrous nodules or focal fibrosis
a benign milk-filled cyst with a high fat content. these lesions are generally associated with lactation. the are usually circular with defined borders.
galactocele
rare and almost always benign. in the breast they are felt as smooth, movable, and hard lumps.
granular cell tumors
a benign increase of tissue in the male breast.
gynecomastia
seen mammographically as a complete or partial radiolucent ring around the circumference of the mass.it represents compression of fat adjacent to a mass. are rarely malignant but doesn’t rule out malignancy.
halo
a benign tumor containing a mass of blood vessels. it can slowly calcify, forming a large high optical density calcification in the breast
hemangioma
mixed optical density oval or circular lesions. is formed by the pooling of blood as a result of trauma.
hematomas and microhematomas
was first described by Thomas Hodgkin
hodgkin’s disease
a malignant lymphoma affecting patients typically in their early 30’s. begins as enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, or groin but will metastasize gradually to the lymphatic tissue on both sides of the diaphragm or to tissues outside the lymph node.
hodgkin’s disease
refers to the microscopic analysis of organs and body tissues.
histology
an overgrowth of cells lining the ducts or lobules. the increased cellular activity can sometimes result in microcalcifications. usually develops naturally as the breast changes with age. not a form of breast cancer but can be a risk factor for developing breast cancer in the future.
hyperplasia or epithelial hyperplasia
a prefix meaning “occurring within”
intra
refers to the entire spectum of fibrocystic changes including; sclerosing adenosis, epithelial hyperplasia, cysts, duct stasis, and ductal hyperplasia.
juvenille papillomatosis
skin lesions. mammographically appear as lobulated circular or oval masses with mixed densities
keratoses
a fatty tumor
lipoma
the accumulation of lymph in the soft tissues
lymphedema
an infection most often affecting women who are breast feeding or have cracks in the breast skin
mastitis
a malignant tumor of the melanocytes
melanoma
refers to the science of the shape, form , and optical density of an individual structure
morphology
appear as high optical density tumors with lucent centers and eggshell-like calcifications
oil cysts
a solid lump of wart-like growth in the breast ducts
papillomas
refers to the main or functional tissue in an organ
parenchyma
describes the skin of the breast when the breast skin thickens and develops prominent pores, resembling an orange skin
peau d’orange
a prefix meaning “around”
peri
are rare fibroepithelial tumors
phyllodes tumors
an inflammatory reaction characterized by the presence of plasma cells surrounding a dilated duct.
plasma cell mastitis, periductal mastitis, ductal ectasia
considered a risk for subsequent breast cancer
radial scar
are any cancers arising from mesenchymal connective tissue, such as: . nerves, muscles, cartilage, blood vessels, or even bone.
sacromas
a sarcoma with a large amount of connective tissue
fibrosarcoma
a tumor derived from embryonal fat cells
liposarcoma
a tumor arising from blood vessels
angiosarcoma
a tumor of the bone
osteosarcoma
a tumor containing histiocytes
fibrous histiocytoma
a benign proliferative condition of the terminal duct lobular units characterized by an increased number of the acini and their glands.
sclerosing adenosis
an indication of a benign process.
silhouette sign
benign skin growths consisting of fibers, nerve cells, fat cells, and an epidermis.
skin tags, acrochordon, or cutaneous papillomas
usually malignant lesions with a solid distinct tumor center and sharp high optical density lines of variable length radiating in all directions away from the center.
spiculated or stellate lesions
the supporting tissue of an organ, including the connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels
stroma
