Ch. 10 Treatment Options Flashcards
Is the process of forming blood vessels and is a common property of a malignant tumor
Angiogenesis
Are agents that produce a reaction from the immune system that can lead to destruction of both the antigen and anything the antigen is attached to
Antigen
Is a surgical Operation to remove lymph nodes from the axilla, generally as a check for breast cancer spread
Axillary node dissection
Provides internal beam radiation, which limits radiation treatment to the site of the cancer
Brachytherapy
Refers to scar tissue formation around an implant that tightens and squeezes the implant
Capsular contracture
Is a technique used for breast reconstruction with a tissue has moved entirely for one area of the body to another in the blood and nerve supplies are reattached under micro surgery
Free flap procedure
Can show on a mammogram as mixed tissue composition, oval, or circular lesions
Hematoma or microhematoma
Is a protein, which function as a receptor on breast cells. The protein receptors control of other breast cells divide and repair themselves. It can be over expressed in some women, resulting in a more aggressive form of breast cancer
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
Is the process of using two and three dimensional imaging during the course of radiation treatment. The imaging is used to direct, focus, and control the radiation therapy
Image guided radiation therapy(IGRT)
Uses a computer controlled precision tool to delineate the three dimensional volume of a tumor and use a multi leaf radiation beam to shape and focus the radiation only on the tumor during radiation treatment, thus sparring normal adjoining tissue and delivering an increased dose of radiation to the tumor
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
Is the removal of muscle, fat, and skin from the upper back; the flap is tunneled under the skin to create a breast mound and therefore a new breast
Latissimus dorsi flap
Is the swelling of the arm or numbness in the arm and skin that can be caused by the removal of lymph nodes.
Lymphedema
Is a cancer of the lymphatic cells. The cancer cells often originate in the lymph nodes and present as solid tumors
Lymphoma
Describe cancers located within multiple ducts of the breast
Multicentric tumors
Describe cancer, located at multiple sites within a single duct system
Multifocal tumors
Describes the reconstructive surgery when it is performed at the same time as the mastectomy
One stage reconstruction
Or
immediate breast reconstruction
Is done to remove body tissue that is not malignant but at risk for future malignancy
Preventive or prophylactic surgery
Is a drug with properties similar to tamoxifen. It was originally marketed to treat osteoporosis but has now been approved to treat invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Raloxifene
Is performed by a plastic surgeon to restore the appearance of the breast after mastectomy
Reconstructive or breast implant surgery
is an external silicone shell filled with saline solution used to create a new breast implant
Saline filled implant
Is a more conservative process than axillary node dissection. It involves the removal of only a few lymph nodes, including the sentinel node.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Describes the clear fluid trapped in the site after surgery
Seroma
Is the process of determining how widespread the cancer is and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes in the axilla or to other parts of the body
Staging
Uses tissue from the lower abdomen to reconstruct a breast mound
Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
