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BIOL 2259 - Microbio > Ch. 6 - Biochemical Basis of Life: chemical and genetic aspects of microorganisms) > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Biochemical Basis of Life: chemical and genetic aspects of microorganisms) Flashcards

1
Q

DF Biochem

A

The chemistry of living cells

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2
Q

DF: hydrocarbon

A

Organic molecule that contains only carbons and hydrogen atoms

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3
Q

DF cyclic compounds

A

Carbon atoms linked to other carbon atoms to close a chain

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4
Q

Carbohydrate formula

A

1C : 2H : 1O

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5
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Combination of 2 monosaccharides following the removal of water

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6
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

disaccharides react with water to break into individual monosaccharides

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7
Q

What is the biochem of peptidoglycan?

A

A repeating disaccharide attached to proteins to forma lattice that surrounds the bacterial cell.

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8
Q

2 Main functions of polysaccharides

A

1) Stores energy as glycogen/starch

2) Provides a tough molecule for structural support/protection

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9
Q

Saturdated fatty acids
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Ployunsaturated fatty acids

A

sat. - single bonds, solid at room temp

monounsat- one double bond, butter, olives, peanuts

polyunsat- 2+ double bonds, soybeans,corn

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10
Q

What are waxes

A

saturated fatty acid + long chain alcohol

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11
Q

Glycerophospholipids & sphingolipids

A

Glycerophospholipids: glycerol backdone, 2 fatty acids,, PO4-alcohol

sphingolipids: sphingosin, fatty acid, PO4-choline

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12
Q

The outter membrane of gram (-) bacteria contain ___, but gram (+) dont

A

LPS: lipopolysaccharaide (lipid+polysaccharide)

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13
Q

Lecithins and cephalins

A

glycophospholipids in brain/nerve tissue, and egg yolk

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14
Q

Sphingolipids

A

found in brain/nerve tissues and makes up the myelin sheath

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15
Q

Glycolipids

A

brain and myeline sheath

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16
Q

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes

A

wide effects on body chemistry and blood pressure.

Leukotrienes can produce long lasting muscle contractions

17
Q

___ are the most essential chemical in all living cells

A

Protein

18
Q

What type of bond connects individual amino acids?

A

peptide bond (covalent)

19
Q

Protein structure

A

1’ - linear sequence of amino acids

2’ - twisting/coiling of the amino acid chain (a-helix/B-sheath)

3’ - folding or entwining of the chain (3D structure)

4’ - Bonding of 2+ polypeptide chains to make complex protein molecules

20
Q

DF enzyme

A

Specialized protein molecules produced by living cells

21
Q

Apoenzymes

A

Only function when linked with a nonprotein cofactor or coenzyme

22
Q

cofactors

A

calcium, iron, magnesium…

23
Q

coenzymes

A

vitamin type compound

24
Q

Holoenzyme

A

the unit of enzyme + cofactor

25
Q

Central Dogma of DNA Replication

A

DNA —transcription—> RNA —translation—> Protein

26
Q

RNA vs DNA (3)

A
  1. DNA contains deoxyribose as its pentose ; RNA contains ribose as its pentose
  2. DNA contains thymine ; RNA contains uracil
  3. RNA can leave the nucleus and DNA cannot
27
Q

Pyramidines

A

C U T

28
Q

Purines

A

A, G

29
Q

What type of bond holds together the double helix/base pairs of DNA?

A

Hydrogen bond

30
Q

Which enzyme is most important for DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase

31
Q

Inducible genes

A

Genes that are only expressed when the gene products are needed

32
Q

Constitutive genes

A

Genes that are expressed at all times

33
Q

What is the primary enzyme involved in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

34
Q

Why can both transcription and translation occur at the same time in prokaryotes only?

A

Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm so ribosomes can attache to the mRNA molecules as they are being transcribed. Whereas, in eukaryotes, transcription occurs int he nucleus

35
Q

Ribosome protein formation

A

A site - tRNA with anticodon enters the ribosome

P site - amino acid binds to polypeptide chain

E-site - tRNA exits alone from here

BIOL 2259 - Microbio (11 decks)

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