Ch. 1 - Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

DF Microbiology

Answer 1

The study of microbes, living organisms, and certain nonliving entities.

Question 2

Living microbes vs non living microbes

Answer 2

Living: cellular microbes/ microorganisms (prokaryotic, eukaryotic)

Nonliving microbes: acellular microbes, infectious particles (viroids, viruses, prions)

Question 3

Why are some microbes considered non living?

Answer 3

They cannot sustain themselves. They need other cells in order to survive.

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

Scientific term for disease-causing microbes

Question 5

Non-pathogen

Answer 5

Microbes that do not cause disease

Question 6

Indigenous microbes

Answer 6

Microbes that live in our bodies

Question 7

Opportunistic microbes

Answer 7

Microbes in our bodies that do not usually cause disease, but are capable of cause it should an opportunity arise
ex - a cold sore when we are tired and our immune system becomes fatigued

Question 8

Categories of disease caused by pathogens (2)

Answer 8

INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- pathogen colonizes a person’s body –> causes disease
Ex: MRSA infection, gas gangrene

MICROBIAL INTOXICATION
- pathogen produces a toxin in vitro –> person ingests the toxin –> toxin =>disease
Ex: food poisoning, food borne botulism

Question 9

Saprophytes

Answer 9

Organisms that live on dead/decaying matter.

Help break down the material then put it back in the soil as ammonia, nitrogen, etc.

Question 10

Bioremediation

Answer 10

The use of microbes to clean up toxic wastes and industrial waste products.

Question 11

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 11

Plants take nitrogen from the air. Nitrogen fixing bacteria put gas back into the ground to replenish the nutrients. When nitrogen is then needed in the air, it is released from the soil.

Question 12

Genetic Engineering

Answer 12

A gene from one organism is inserted into a bacterial cell/yeast cell. The recipient cell is then capable of producing the products of that coded gene.

Question 13

Biotechnology

Answer 13

The use of living organisms or their derivatives to make/modify products/processes

Question 14

What were the first microorganisms?

Answer 14

archae and cyanobacteria

Question 15

1. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (3)

Answer 15

“Father of microbiology”
simple single lens microscopes
observed animalcules (microscopic animals)

Question 16

2. Louis pasteur (4)

Answer 16

Fermentation
Pasteurization (taking out all bacteria/ microorganisms
Discovered anaerobes
Developed vaccines for rabies & anthrax

Question 17

Robert Koch (5)

Answer 17

• Germ Theory of Disease (disease dont just happen, they occur because of germs/microorganisms)
• Discovered Bacilis anthracis produce spores that are long living
• Fixing/ staining bacteria so we can keep it over time
• Methods of cultivating bacteria
• Kosh’s postulates

Question 18

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 18

1) FOUND IN DISEASE: A microbe must be found in all cases of the disease and not in healthy organisms
2) ISOLATE&GROW: Microbe must be able to be isolated and grown in pure culture
3) REPRODUCABLE: When microbes from the lab are injected into healthy subjects, the same disease must be produced.
4) RE-ISOLATED & GROWN: The same microbe must be recovered from the injected subject and grown again in pure culture

if it fulfills Koch’s postulates, it is proven to be the cause of the disease.