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BIOL 2259 - Microbio > Ch. 11 - Epidemiology and Public Health > Flashcards

Ch. 11 - Epidemiology and Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

DF Epidemiology

A

The study of disease frequency, distribution, determinants, prevention, control, and eradication

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2
Q

Communicable disease

A

infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

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3
Q

Contagious disease

A

communicable disease that is EASILY transmitted

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4
Q

Zoonotic disease

A

Diseases humans acquire from animal sources

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5
Q

Incidence

A

of new cases of a disease in a defined population during a specific time period

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6
Q

Morbidity rate

A

frequency or proportion in which a disease appears in a population during a specific time

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7
Q

Period Prevalence

A

cases of a disease existing in a population during a specific time period

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8
Q

Point prevalence

A

of cases of a disease existing in a population at a particular moment in time

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9
Q

Mortality rate

A

ratio of people who die of a particular disease during a specified time, per a specified population

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10
Q

Sporadic disease

A

Occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area

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11
Q

Endemic disease

A

Always present within the population of a particular geographic area

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12
Q

Epidemic

A

Greater than usually number of case of a disease in a particular region within a short period of time

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13
Q

Pandemic

A

Disease occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously

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14
Q

Whether an infectious disease occurs depends on factors pertaining to the… (3)

A

pathogen - virulence, mode of entry, # orgnaisms

host - health status, lifestyle, age, travel

environment - physical factors, reservoirs, sanitary

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15
Q

6 components in the infectious disease process

A

1) Pathogen
2) Pathogen reservoir
3) Portal of exit
4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host

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16
Q

Passive carriers of disease

A

Asymptomatic, but can still pass on the disease

17
Q

Incubatory carriers of disease

A

Not YET symptomatic, pathogen is still replicating

18
Q

Convalescent carriers of disease

A

Recovering, but still able to transmit disease

19
Q

Active carriers of disease

A

Fully recovered but have pathogen indefinitely

20
Q

Arthropods

A

bugs/flees that can carry disease and act as vectors to transmit them to humans

21
Q

Fomites

A

Inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens

-provide no nourishment, just a place to replicate

22
Q

Direct modes of disease transmission

A

skin to skin contact

mucous membrane contact

23
Q

Indirect modes of disease transmission (4)

A

air born droplets
arthropod vectors
transfusion of blood products
parental injections using non sterile needles

24
Q

WHO

A

promote cooperation for health among nations
carry out programs to control and eradicate disease
improve quality of human life
Work primarily with united nations
Make recommendations

25
Q

CDC

A

Create expertise, information and tools that people and communities need to protect their health.
Big on infection control!
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports
Federal program of the USA
Focus on health issues that affect Americans at home and abroad
Can implement rules

26
Q

Measures for prevention and control of epidemics (4)

A

1) Increase host resistance (vaccines)
2) Ensure people exposed have proper PPE
3) Segregate, isolate, and treat those infected
4) Identify and control reservoirs and vectors

27
Q

Biological warfare agents

A

Microbes purposefully used to harm others in wartime

28
Q

Bioterrorism agents

A

Pathogens used to create fear, chaos, illness, and death in situations other than war

29
Q

Modes of Anthranx transmission (bioterrorism agents)

A

pulmonary - inhalation
gastrointestinal - ingestion
cutaneous - contact

30
Q

Pathophysiology of the Plague

A 
Rodent infects flee
flea bites human 
=> bubonic plague
bacterial growth in lungs
=> plague meningitis
Inhaled by other humans
=> pneumonic plague
Rapid person to person spread

symptoms -gangrene in feet and hands

31
Q

___ is the most essential resource necessary for the survival of humanity

A

water

32
Q

2 types of water polution

A

chemical

biological

33
Q

Water treatment

A

Sedimentation - let is sit and anything heavy/dense will separate out
Coagulation - bind things together
Filtration
Chlorination

34
Q

How do we test for fecal mater in water?

A

Check for presence of chloroform bacteria

ex: E. coli& enterobacteria

35
Q

Raw sewage

A

water, fecal matter, bacteria

BIOL 2259 - Microbio (11 decks)

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