Ch 6. Autism spectrum disorder Flashcards
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems
Techniques used to supplement the communication skills of children with ASD as they acquire spoken language or compensate for spoken language in children who are mute
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network
A group of programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate the number of children with ASD in the United States, using medical and educational records
Autism genome project
A private/public partnership of researchers in 19 different countries who are investigating the genetic causes of ASD
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
A DSM-5-TR disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities that begin in early life and cause significant impairment in social functioning
Broader autism phenotype
Problems with social communication and repetitive, restrictive behaviors that fall short of meeting full DSM-5-TR criteria for ASD
Copy number variants
Small deletions, duplications, or repetitions of genetic material on specific gene regions; the accumulation can cause developmental problems like ASD
Deficit-as-difference model
A conceptualization of ASD and similar conditions that asserts that these conditions can be a part of a person’s identity and a target for accommodation and treatment
Developmental cascade
A model for the development of autism in which small differences in early development lead to divergent developmental pathways and larger problems with social cognition and behavior
Developmental social–pragmatic (DSP) model
An evidence-based approach to treating youths with ASD that encourages imitation, pretend play, and spontaneous social interaction in everyday contexts
Discrete trial training
A behavioral technique to teach skills to children; each skill is broken into component parts; each part is systematically introduced, modeled, practiced, and reinforced; parts are combined to produce more complex behaviors
Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)
A behavioral treatment for ASD that relies on intensive use of direct instruction to teach and reinforce social communication and language skills
Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)
A developmental social–pragmatic approach to treating young children with ASD; children are taught imitation, social orientation, joint attention, and positive emotion communication skills using a developmentally sequenced curriculum
Echolalia
The repetition of words or sounds uttered by others
Empathy
The ability to take the perspective of another person to understand her thoughts, intentions, and feelings
False belief task
A laboratory-based test of theory of mind
Growth dysregulation hypothesis (of autism)
Posits that youths with ASD show abnormal maturation of the cortex, large head circumference, and high synaptic density in early childhood but poor neural connectivity, especially in brain regions responsible for social communication and language
Hand-over-hand assistance
A scaffolding technique to help children acquire new skills; the therapist guides the child’s hands with her own
Joint attention
An infant’s ability to share attention with a caregiver on a single object or event in the outside world; often delayed in children with ASD
Joint attention symbolic play engagement and regulation (JASPER)
An intervention for young children at risk for ASD; therapists reinforce joint attention and symbolic play in naturalistic interactions
Monogenetic syndrome
A genetic disorder caused by a mutation on a single gene (e.g., Fragile X, Rett’s syndrome); the mutation can be inherited or occur de novo
Neurodiversity
A conceptualization of ASD and other conditions as natural variations in human neurological and behavioral functioning, rather than as medical illnesses; these conditions should be accepted and accommodated by others rather than treated
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
An AAC in which children communicate by pointing to or exchanging cards with symbols or pictures that represent actions, feelings, ideas, or objects
Pivotal response treatment
A behavioral intervention usually administered by parents in naturalistic settings; designed to increase the motivation and self-regulation skills of children with ASD
Pragmatics
The use of language in specific social contexts, especially the natural give-and-take that occurs during conversation and the ability to tell coherent stories with appropriate background information
