Ch 16. Elimination, sleep, and health problems Flashcards
Adherence
In the field of pediatric psychology, the degree to which children and families agree with, understand, and follow the recommendations of medical staff
Antihistamines
Medications that block the naturally occurring neurotransmitter histamine and cause drowsiness and sedation
Arginine vasopressin (AVP)
A naturally occurring hormone that increases urine concentration and reduces its total volume
Benzodiazepines
Medications that augment GABA and produce marked sedation; can cause tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
Chronotherapy
A behavioral treatment for circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder; involves gradually advancing or delaying bedtime until the person’s sleep–wake cycle is aligned with his or her daily schedule
Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder
A DSM-5-TR disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep problems caused by a mismatch between the person’s typical sleep–wake pattern and the schedule required by the person’s school or work
Cleanliness training
A version of overcorrection used to treat nocturnal enuresis; children must wake, change their pajamas and bedding, and reactivate the urine alarm prior to returning to bed
Consultation (in pediatric psychology)
In the field of pediatric psychology, providing professional recommendations or assistance to a medical professional regarding an aspect of a child’s behavior that interferes with treatment
Continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) device
A small mask connected to a tube and ventilator that provides constant air pressure to keep the individual’s airway open during sleep
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
The most commonly prescribed medication for nocturnal enuresis; a synthetic version of vasopressin, the hormone that reduces nighttime urine production
Encopresis
A DSM-5-TR disorder characterized by the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places whether involuntary or intentional; the individual must be at least 4 years of age, and the act must occur at least once per month for 3 months and cause distress or impairment
Enuresis
A DSM-5-TR disorder characterized by the repeated voiding of urine into the bed or clothes whether involuntary or intentional; the individual must be at least 5 years of age and the act must occur at least twice per week for 3 months and cause distress or impairment
Full spectrum home training (FSHT)
Comprehensive behavior treatment of nocturnal enuresis; includes (1) education and behavioral contracting, (2) urine alarm training, (3) cleanliness training, (4) retention control training, and (5) overlearning
Insomnia disorder
A DSM-5-TR disorder characterized by predominant difficulty or dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality associated with problems going to sleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep; occurs at least 3 nights per week for 3 months and causes distress or impairment
Kegel exercises
Contracting and relaxing pelvic floor muscles in order to stop and start the flow of urine during voiding; used to treat daytime enuresis
Liaison (in pediatric psychology)
In the field of pediatric psychology, mental health professionals who help members of an interdisciplinary health care team coordinate treatment and communicate with each other and the child’s family or school
Monosymptomatic primary enuresis (MPE)
A term used to describe children who wet only at night, have never been able to stay dry each night for longer than 6 months, and have no known medical cause for their wetting
Nightmare disorder
A DSM-5-TR disorder characterized by repeated, extended, and upsetting dreams that occur during REM sleep, typically involve threats to personal security, and cause distress or impairment; the person can be easily awakened and has a vivid memory of the dream
Nightmare imagery rehearsal therapy
A cognitive treatment for nightmare disorder; children rewrite the nightmare in a manner that emphasizes mastery or resilience and then mentally rehearse the dream daily
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
A DSM-5-TR sleep–wake disorder characterized by recurrent breathing disruptions (apneas) or episodes of shallow breathing (hypopneas) during sleep that leads to breathing disturbance (e.g., gasping, snoring) or daytime sleepiness
Overlearning
A component of full spectrum home training; after remaining dry at night for 24 consecutive nights, a child continues to drink large amounts of fluids and delay voiding to prevent the return of nocturnal enuresis
Pediatric psychology
An interdisciplinary field concerned with the application of psychology to the domain of children’s health
Polysomnogram (PSG)
Assessment of a child’s sleep architecture during the course of the night; involves the monitoring of brain activity (EEG), eye movements (EOG), muscle activation (EMG), and heart rhythm (ECG)
Polysymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PSNE)
A term used to describe children who wet throughout the night, void small amounts of urine, and wake after wetting; these children also frequently experience sudden urges to urinate during the day
