Ch 1. Supporting children's mental health

Question 1

APA Ethics Code

Answer 1

Common principles and standards upon which psychologists build their professional and scientific work; other professions (e.g., school psychologists, social workers) have similar principles and standards

Question 2

Assent

Answer 2

Agreement to participate in treatment or research provided by a person who is unable to give consent because of age or cognitive ability

Question 3

Categorical classification

Answer 3

Diagnostic approach in which disorders are divided into mutually exclusive groups based on sets of essential criteria

Question 4

Comorbidity

Answer 4

The presentation of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time

Question 5

Competence

Answer 5

The education, training, and professional experience mental health professionals use to deliver evidence-based services; professionals must practice within its boundaries

Question 6

Confidentiality

Answer 6

The expectation that information that children and families provide during treatment will not be disclosed to others without their consent

Question 7

Consent

Answer 7

A person’s informed and free decision to participate in treatment or research

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

Values, knowledge, and practices that people derive from membership in social groups

Question 9

DSM-5-TR

Answer 9

A compendium of mental disorders and diagnostic criteria adopted by the American Psychiatric Association and used by most mental health professionals in the United States

Question 10

Dimensional classification

Answer 10

Diagnostic approach in which the severity of the individual’s distress and/or impairment is described on a continuum

Question 11

Ethical principles

Answer 11

Broad ideals or aspirational goals for the professional practice of psychology

Question 12

Ethical standards

Answer 12

Specific rules that mental health professionals must follow to practice in an ethical manner

Question 13

Ethics

Answer 13

Principles and standards of a profession that ensure high-quality care and protect the rights and dignity of others

Question 14

Ethnicity

Answer 14

A culturally constructed identity that is used to define groups of people and communities; it can be rooted in a common history, geographic location, language, religion, or shared experience that distinguishes that person or group from others

Question 15

Evidence-based practice

Answer 15

The integration of empirical research with clinical expertise to help children and families in the context of their characteristics, culture, and preferences

Question 16

Evidence-based treatments

Answer 16

Psychotherapies and medications that have been shown in well-designed research studies to reduce children’s symptoms and improve their functioning

Question 17

Harmful dysfunction

Answer 17

A way of identifying mental health problems characterized by (1) a failure of some internal mechanism to perform a function for which it was naturally selected and (2) the harm that is caused by that failure

Question 18

Incidence

Answer 18

The percentage of new cases of a disorder in a discrete period, usually 1 year

Question 19

ICD-11

Answer 19

A method of classifying illnesses and causes of death developed by the World Health Organization

Question 20

Mental disorder

Answer 20

A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning

Question 21

Mental health

Answer 21

The ability to use one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions, and the support of others, to flexibly adapt to the demands of one’s surroundings; an aspirational state usually accompanied by a sense of well-being

Question 22

Multiple relationship

Answer 22

Occurs when a therapist, who is in a professional role with a client, enters into another relationship with the same individual or a person closely associated with that individual; it can impair the objectivity and quality of care

Question 23

Prevalence

Answer 23

The percentage of individuals in a population who have a medical or psychological condition

Question 24

Psychotropic medication

Answer 24

Prescription drugs used to treat mental health problems

Question 25

Race

Answer 25

A culturally constructed category that can be used to divide people into groups based on superficial traits

Question 26

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

Answer 26

A method for classifying and studying mental health problems developed by the National Institute of Mental Health; classification is based on the underlying causes of specific signs and symptoms

Question 27

Sign

Answer 27

An observable feature of a disorder (e.g., hyperactivity, sluggish movement)

Question 28

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 28

A composite variable that reflects three aspects of a child’s environment: (1) parents’ levels of education, (2) parents’ employment, and (3) family income

Question 29

Specifier

Answer 29

A label used to describe the presence of a particular sign or symptom that can be added to a diagnosis to provide a more complete description of the individual

Question 30

Stigma

Answer 30

Negative beliefs that can lead to fear, avoidance, and discrimination by others or shame and low self-worth in oneself

Question 31

Subtype

Answer 31

A mutually exclusive and exhaustive group of individuals with a mental health problem who share similar features

Question 32

Symptom

Answer 32

A subjective experience associated with a disorder (e.g., feelings of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts)

Question 33

Syndrome

Answer 33

A cluster of signs and symptoms that tend to occur together