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Human & Animal Nutrition > Ch 6 & 7 > Flashcards

Ch 6 & 7 Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the location of body water

A

Intracellular fluids, interstitial fluids, plasma, GI tract

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1
Q

What % of the body is water? Is there any difference with age?

A

70% Infants 6-10% higher

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2
Q

List 4 locations where extra cellular (intercellular) water can be found

A

Interstitial, plasma, GI tract, urinary, intraocular

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3
Q

Define interstitial

A

In between

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4
Q

Define edema

A

Build up of fluid in the tissues

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5
Q

Define solvent

A

The liquid where the solute is dissolved

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6
Q

What % of body water can be lost before clinical signs of dehydration begin?

A

0-4 normal 8% loss signs of dehydration more than 12 you dead

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7
Q

Describe two areas where metabolic water can be formed

A

Every cell, synthesis

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8
Q

List 6 ways body water can be lost

A

Urine, feces, insensible loss, sensible loss, lungs, kidneys

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9
Q

Define insensible loss as it relates to body water

A

Evaporation through the skin

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10
Q

Describe how ADH and rennin work to conserve body water

A

ADH Released from posterior pituitary gland made in hypothalamus Target kidneys to reabsorb more water at dct of nephron Hypovolemia causes increase production of ADH from hypothalamus

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11
Q

What nuclei produces ADH?

A

Supraoptic nuclei

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12
Q

Avg amount lost through insensible loss?

A

300-400 ml/day

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13
Q

Relate PU/PD to diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus

A

DM cause PU/pd because the kidneys can no longer filter out the excessive glucose and goes into the urine causing polyuria and causes increased consumption of water polydipsia

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14
Q

How would renal failure/nephritis/glomerulonephritis affect fluid retention?

A

If you have kidney problems

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15
Q

How is the % of body fat figured?

A

A

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16
Q

Define heat of vaporization. How is this beneficial to maintaining body temperature?

A

Heat of vaporization allows us to sweat to cool off our bodies by the sweat droplets to vaporize off of our skin to take away heat from our body

17
Q

Give the names for European and Indian cattle and an example of each. Which group has the least water requirement? Why?

A

A

18
Q

Define water turnover rate.

A

A

19
Q

Give an example of soluble salts found in water. What concentration is unfit to drink?

A

A

20
Q

Why is nitrite concentration a big concern?

A

A

21
Q

What % (dry matter basis) of most feeds is made up of carbohydrates?

A

A

22
Q

What % of most animals is made up of carbohydrates?

A

A

23
Q

Give examples of five and six carbon sugars and where they are found.

A

A

24
Q

Be able to recognize Aldoses and hexoses

A

A

25
Q

Name 4 disaccharides and their monosaccharide content

A

A

26
Q

Name 4 polysacchardies

A

A

27
Q

What is the difference (linkage wise) between starch and cellulose?

A

A

28
Q

Review the metabolism of carbohydrates

A

A

29
Q

Describe the difference between fermenters and non fermenters in the digestion of carbohydrates

A

A

30
Q

Review aerobic metabolism

A

A

31
Q

Give the first two reactions in glycolysis

A

Glucose + PO4 gPO4 + PO4

32
Q

How are amino acids metabolized?

A

A

33
Q

Define gluconeogenesis

A

When glucose is formed by body tissues from non carbohydrate metabolites

34
Q

Differ between ruminants and non ruminants in gluconeogenesis

A

Ruminants depend on gluconeogenesis to meet their glucose needs. Non ruminants absorb glucose directly and do not unless when long term meal deprived.

35
Q

How does glucose get into the cell?

A

A

36
Q

Describe the relationship between glucose and lipid metabolism

A

A

37
Q

Describe the energetically of glucose metabolism

A

A

38
Q

Define ketosis

A

Excess of ketones due to a disorder in carb/lipid metabolism.

39
Q

List the ketone bodies. Differ between ketonemia is and ketonuria. How are they harmful?

A

Acetone, acetoacetate, and b hydroxybutyrate Ketonemia - increased concentration in the blood Ketonuria - concentration in the urine Loss of body weight, decreased milk production, abortion, loss of electrolytes

40
Q

Differ between the types of diabetes

A

A

41
Q

Explain the glucose tolerance curve (fig 7.6)

A

A

Human & Animal Nutrition (7 decks)

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