Ch 6 & 7 Flashcards
Describe the location of body water
Intracellular fluids, interstitial fluids, plasma, GI tract
What % of the body is water? Is there any difference with age?
70% Infants 6-10% higher
List 4 locations where extra cellular (intercellular) water can be found
Interstitial, plasma, GI tract, urinary, intraocular
Define interstitial
In between
Define edema
Build up of fluid in the tissues
Define solvent
The liquid where the solute is dissolved
What % of body water can be lost before clinical signs of dehydration begin?
0-4 normal 8% loss signs of dehydration more than 12 you dead
Describe two areas where metabolic water can be formed
Every cell, synthesis
List 6 ways body water can be lost
Urine, feces, insensible loss, sensible loss, lungs, kidneys
Define insensible loss as it relates to body water
Evaporation through the skin
Describe how ADH and rennin work to conserve body water
ADH Released from posterior pituitary gland made in hypothalamus Target kidneys to reabsorb more water at dct of nephron Hypovolemia causes increase production of ADH from hypothalamus
What nuclei produces ADH?
Supraoptic nuclei
Avg amount lost through insensible loss?
300-400 ml/day
Relate PU/PD to diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus
DM cause PU/pd because the kidneys can no longer filter out the excessive glucose and goes into the urine causing polyuria and causes increased consumption of water polydipsia
How would renal failure/nephritis/glomerulonephritis affect fluid retention?
If you have kidney problems
How is the % of body fat figured?
A
Define heat of vaporization. How is this beneficial to maintaining body temperature?
Heat of vaporization allows us to sweat to cool off our bodies by the sweat droplets to vaporize off of our skin to take away heat from our body
Give the names for European and Indian cattle and an example of each. Which group has the least water requirement? Why?
A
Define water turnover rate.
A
Give an example of soluble salts found in water. What concentration is unfit to drink?
A
Why is nitrite concentration a big concern?
A
What % (dry matter basis) of most feeds is made up of carbohydrates?
A
What % of most animals is made up of carbohydrates?
A
Give examples of five and six carbon sugars and where they are found.
A
Be able to recognize Aldoses and hexoses
A
Name 4 disaccharides and their monosaccharide content
A
Name 4 polysacchardies
A
What is the difference (linkage wise) between starch and cellulose?
A
Review the metabolism of carbohydrates
A
Describe the difference between fermenters and non fermenters in the digestion of carbohydrates
A
Review aerobic metabolism
A
Give the first two reactions in glycolysis
Glucose + PO4 gPO4 + PO4
How are amino acids metabolized?
A
Define gluconeogenesis
When glucose is formed by body tissues from non carbohydrate metabolites
Differ between ruminants and non ruminants in gluconeogenesis
Ruminants depend on gluconeogenesis to meet their glucose needs. Non ruminants absorb glucose directly and do not unless when long term meal deprived.
How does glucose get into the cell?
A
Describe the relationship between glucose and lipid metabolism
A
Describe the energetically of glucose metabolism
A
Define ketosis
Excess of ketones due to a disorder in carb/lipid metabolism.
List the ketone bodies. Differ between ketonemia is and ketonuria. How are they harmful?
Acetone, acetoacetate, and b hydroxybutyrate Ketonemia - increased concentration in the blood Ketonuria - concentration in the urine Loss of body weight, decreased milk production, abortion, loss of electrolytes
Differ between the types of diabetes
A
Explain the glucose tolerance curve (fig 7.6)
A
