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Human & Animal Nutrition > Ch 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Ch 4 & 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Define coprophagy

A

Eating of feces

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1
Q

Define digestion

A

Preparation of food for absorption

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2
Q

Define ruminant

A

Cow goat sheep

Has a rumen

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3
Q

Define mucosa

A

Inside surface of a tubular structure

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4
Q

Define serosa

A

Outside surface of a tubular structure

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5
Q

Define cecum

A

First region of the large intestine

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6
Q

Define enzyme

A

Catalyst for chemical reactions

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7
Q

Define rugae

A

Internal stomach ridges caused by folds

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8
Q

Define plica

A

Stomach folds or ridges aids in expansion

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9
Q

Define globulin

A

Forms blood serum protein

Defense mechanism

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10
Q

Define lactic acid

A

Produced in muscle tissue during exercise

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11
Q

Define pectin

A

Polysaccharide extracted for settling agents in jams and jellies

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12
Q

Define apparent digestibilty

A

Apparent digestibility % = nutrientes intake - nutrient in feces / nutrient intake x100

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13
Q

Define indogenous

A

Internal origin

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14
Q

Define exogenous

A

External origin

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15
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

Chemical breakdown due to water

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16
Q

Define denature

A

Change shape of and eliminate function

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17
Q

Define lumen

A

Space inside tubular structure

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18
Q

Lost the typical teeth in a carnivore

A

2 - incisors
1 - canine
2 - premolars
3 - molars

19
Q

Name three salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands

20
Q

Define brush border enzymes

A

Microvilli

21
Q

Name two hind gut fermenters

A

Horse, rabbit

22
Q

Name two groups of pregastric fermenters

A

Cows, goats

23
Q

List the structures in a monos steric species

A

Regions are cardia, fundic, body, pyloric

24
Q

Describe anatomy of ilium cecum and large intestine

A

Ilium in small intestine

Cecum first region of large intestine

25
Q

Name two mucosal membrane adaptations and their benefit.

A

Plica, rugue for expansion

Microvilli for secretion and absorption

26
Q

Name two words for the true stomach and what species they are in

A

A

27
Q

Name the major substrates for rumen bacteria

A

Cellulose and hemicellulose

28
Q

Name two categories of starch

A

RAC simple, complex

29
Q

Describe what happens when unadapted animals are fed large amounts of cereal grains.

A

Bloated. Doesn’t have the right bacteria to digest correctly. Solve by lead feeding. Alfalfa does this forms froth.

30
Q

Name the end products of fermentation. Where does this occur

A

VFA, CO2, CH4

31
Q

What is the substrate for oligosaccharidase. Where is it produced

A

Oligosaccharides. Small intestine brush border Microvilli break down to glucose

32
Q

Name the three sections of the small intestine.

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ilium

33
Q

What is the function of the gizzard?

A

Grinding of food

34
Q

Describe some advantages of a growth trial

A

Test the digestibility of feed on a species

35
Q

What are some errors in growth trials?

A

Variations in feed

Genetic differences

36
Q

How are external indicators used in growth trials?

A

Nitrogen markers

37
Q

Define canula? Benefit?

A

A surgically inserted tube. To test digestion in different areas.

38
Q

What can cause variations in digestibility in the same species?

A

Genetics

39
Q

Three groups of rumen bacteria?

A

Major celluolytic species
Major hemicellulose species
Major pectinlytic species

40
Q

Define legume

A

Plants that produce nitrogen.

Alfalfa, clover

41
Q

Define endogenous

A

Sloughed cells

42
Q

Define exogenous

A

Supplied in feed

43
Q

Define fistula

A

A tract or tune that connects two organs

44
Q

Simple carbs and digestibility

A

More simple carbs more digestibility

45
Q

Most common lipid in animal feed

A

Galactose

Human & Animal Nutrition (7 decks)

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