Ch 4 & 5 Flashcards
Define coprophagy
Eating of feces
Define digestion
Preparation of food for absorption
Define ruminant
Cow goat sheep
Has a rumen
Define mucosa
Inside surface of a tubular structure
Define serosa
Outside surface of a tubular structure
Define cecum
First region of the large intestine
Define enzyme
Catalyst for chemical reactions
Define rugae
Internal stomach ridges caused by folds
Define plica
Stomach folds or ridges aids in expansion
Define globulin
Forms blood serum protein
Defense mechanism
Define lactic acid
Produced in muscle tissue during exercise
Define pectin
Polysaccharide extracted for settling agents in jams and jellies
Define apparent digestibilty
Apparent digestibility % = nutrientes intake - nutrient in feces / nutrient intake x100
Define indogenous
Internal origin
Define exogenous
External origin
Define hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown due to water
Define denature
Change shape of and eliminate function
Define lumen
Space inside tubular structure
Lost the typical teeth in a carnivore
2 - incisors
1 - canine
2 - premolars
3 - molars
Name three salivary glands
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands
Define brush border enzymes
Microvilli
Name two hind gut fermenters
Horse, rabbit
Name two groups of pregastric fermenters
Cows, goats
List the structures in a monos steric species
Regions are cardia, fundic, body, pyloric
Describe anatomy of ilium cecum and large intestine
Ilium in small intestine
Cecum first region of large intestine
Name two mucosal membrane adaptations and their benefit.
Plica, rugue for expansion
Microvilli for secretion and absorption
Name two words for the true stomach and what species they are in
A
Name the major substrates for rumen bacteria
Cellulose and hemicellulose
Name two categories of starch
RAC simple, complex
Describe what happens when unadapted animals are fed large amounts of cereal grains.
Bloated. Doesn’t have the right bacteria to digest correctly. Solve by lead feeding. Alfalfa does this forms froth.
Name the end products of fermentation. Where does this occur
VFA, CO2, CH4
What is the substrate for oligosaccharidase. Where is it produced
Oligosaccharides. Small intestine brush border Microvilli break down to glucose
Name the three sections of the small intestine.
Duodenum, jejunum, ilium
What is the function of the gizzard?
Grinding of food
Describe some advantages of a growth trial
Test the digestibility of feed on a species
What are some errors in growth trials?
Variations in feed
Genetic differences
How are external indicators used in growth trials?
Nitrogen markers
Define canula? Benefit?
A surgically inserted tube. To test digestion in different areas.
What can cause variations in digestibility in the same species?
Genetics
Three groups of rumen bacteria?
Major celluolytic species
Major hemicellulose species
Major pectinlytic species
Define legume
Plants that produce nitrogen.
Alfalfa, clover
Define endogenous
Sloughed cells
Define exogenous
Supplied in feed
Define fistula
A tract or tune that connects two organs
Simple carbs and digestibility
More simple carbs more digestibility
Most common lipid in animal feed
Galactose
