Ch. 6

Question 1

pedigrees

Answer 1

pictoral representation of a family history

Question 2

twin studies

Answer 2

examine concordance of a trait between members of a twin pair

Question 3

adoption studies

Answer 3

comparisons of adopted persons with their adoptive parents and biological parents

Question 4

Dominant in a pedigree (signs)

Answer 4

generally appears in every generation; affected individuals have at least one affected parent

Question 4

Autosomal in a pedigree

Answer 4

approximately equal frequency in both sexes

Question 4

Recessive in a pedigree (signs)

Answer 4

can skip generations; affected individuals can be born from unaffected parents

Question 5

Sex-linked in pedigree

Answer 5

appears more in one sex

Question 5

Mitochondrial

Answer 5

maternal lineage (not paternal)

Question 5

concordant

Answer 5

if both members of a twin pair have a characteristic

Question 6

discordant

Answer 6

if only one member of a pair have a characteristic

Question 7

concordance

Answer 7

the percentage of twin pairs that are concordant for a trait

Question 8

in a pedigree the females are

Answer 8

circles

Question 9

in a pedigree the males are

Answer 9

squares

Question 10

Y-linked

Answer 10

fathers to all sons

Question 11

true or false: X-linked traits are passed from dad to son

Answer 11

false, sons are hemizygous and inherit X from mom

Question 12

usually appears in both sexes equally, both sexes transmit to their offspring, does not skip generations, affected offspring have an affected parent, unaffected parents do not pass trait

Answer 12

autosomal dominant traits

Question 13

usually appears in both sexes equally, tends to skip generations, affected offspring usually born to unaffected parents, appears more frequently among children of consanquine marriages

Answer 13

autosomal recessive traits

Question 14

usually more males affected than females, affected sons born to unaffected mothers (skips generations), never passed from father to son, all daughters of affected father’s are carriers

Answer 14

X-linked recessive traits

Question 15

both males and females affected; often more females than males; does not skip generations; affected sons must have affected mother; affected daughters must have affected mother or father; affected fathers pass trait to all of their daughters

Answer 15

X-linked dominant traits

Question 16

Y-linked traits

Answer 16

only males are affected, passed from father to all sons; does not skip generations

Question 17

passed from mothers to all children

Answer 17

mitochondrial

Question 18

If there is higher concordance in monozygotic twins

Answer 18

genetic influence at play

Question 19

if the concordance is the same in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Answer 19

there is little inherited tendency

Question 20

Adoption Studies are used to

Answer 20

distinguish the effects of genes and environment on characteristics