Ch. 1 and 2

Question 1

Functional chromosomes have:

Answer 1

a centromere, telomeres, origins of replication

Question 2

What are the 4 chromosome structures

Answer 2

metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

Different variations of a gene

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

Make two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

Make nonidentical haploid gametes

Question 6

explain the steps to mitosis

Answer 6

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

Question 7

cell cycle

Answer 7

G1 (or G0), S, G2, M, and cytokinesis

Question 8

Where are the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Answer 8

G1/S, G2/M, Spindle-assembly (M)

Question 9

microtubules

Answer 9

made of tubulin subunits; tubulin subunits added to and removed from both ends of the microtubules; originate at centrosomes; connect to the kinetochore

Question 10

gametogenesis

Answer 10

cell division producing sex cells

Question 11

What type of division is Meiosis I

Answer 11

reduction division

Question 12

What type of division is Meiosis II

Answer 12

equational division

Question 13

What happens in Prophase I

Answer 13

chromosomes condense, dyads are visible, crossing over between homologous pairs

Question 14

What happens in metaphase I

Answer 14

homologous pairs line up along the metaphase plate

Question 15

Anaphase I

Answer 15

Homologous pairs separate and move toward opposite poles (sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere)

Question 16

Telophase I

Answer 16

Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles; nuclear membrane reforms; cytokinesis

Question 17

Meiosis II

Answer 17

The second meiotic division is analogous to a mitotic division in that sister chromatids separate

Question 18

Maternal + paternal=

Answer 18

homologous pair

Question 19

Eukaryotic DNA is…

Answer 19

linear and organized into chromosomes

Question 20

the arm at the top of the chromosome is the ___ arm and the arm at the bottom is the..

Answer 20

p, q-arm

Question 21

chromosomes are ______ in metaphase I

Answer 21

randomly distributed (random assortment)

Question 22

When does crossing over occur

Answer 22

prophase I

Question 23

when does random assortment occur

Answer 23

metaphase I

Question 24

cohesin

Answer 24

a protein that hold chromatids together

Question 25

during anaphase I, what is the interaction between cohesin and shugoshin

Answer 25

cohesin at the centromere is protected by shrugoshin (preventing separation of the 2 sister chromatids during anaphase I)

Question 26

What are chromosomes

Answer 26

condensed chromatin