Ch. 5.2 - Energy and ATP

Question 1

ATP structure (2)

Answer 1

• adenosine triphosphate (A-3-P)

- there is a negative charge associated with al of the oxygens that are single bonded to P=highly unstable

Question 2

ATP cellular chemical energy (3)

Answer 2

• adenine (same nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA + ribose + 3 phosphates
• each of the phosphates has a slight negative change which makes it highly unstable
• energy is released when hydrolysis cleaves off one of the phosphates

Question 3

phosphorylation

Answer 3

addition of phosphate group (PO4)

Question 4

ATP -> ADP+P

Answer 4

the formation of ATP requires energy so it must be coupled to an energy generation process such as photosynthesis or oxidation of food molecules

Question 5

hydrolysis of ATP (2)

Answer 5

• releases a large amount of energy
• even though a lot of energy is released, its a highly stable molecule. it only releases its energy in the presents of ATPase

Question 6

chemical cellular work

Answer 6

phosphorylation reactions provide energy to drive endergonic synthesis of products

Question 7

movement cellular work (3)

Answer 7

• transfer of PO4 to a motor protein in a muscle cell
• causes protein to change shape and pull on protein filaments causing muscles to contract
• a working muscle cell may consume and regenerate 10 million ATP/sec

Question 8

transport work cellular work

Answer 8

alter configuration of transport proteins

Question 9

metabolism

Answer 9

all of the thousands of exergonic and endergonic reactions

Question 10

metabolic pathway

Answer 10

series of chemical reactions that build or breaks down complex molecules

Question 11

with every energy transformation

Answer 11

some of the useful energy is lost (most often as heat)