Ch. 1.2 Study of Biology Flashcards
1
Q
four largest groups of highly specialized “biomolecules”
A
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
2
Q
life’s hierarchy of organization (11)
A
atom/molecule -> organelle -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism -> population -> community -> ecosystem -> biosphere
3
Q
chemical level of organization (7)
A
- atoms
- molecules
- macromolecules (large molecules)
- carbohydrates (long chains of sugars)
- lipids (fats)
- proteins
- nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
4
Q
cellular level of organization (5)
A
- organelles
- cells
- tissues
- organs
- organ systems
5
Q
ecological level of organization (5)
A
- organisms
- population
- community
- ecosystem
- biosphere
6
Q
underlying theme in biology (2)
A
- flow of energy and nutrients in ecosystems
- one way
7
Q
DNA (4)
A
- all life uses DNA to store and inherit genetic info -> Unity of Life is based on DNA
- DNA controls structure and function of all cells
- diversity of life arises from differences in DNA sequences
- DNA directs cellular metabolism and development in all living organisms
8
Q
domain bacteria (2)
A
- consist of prokaryotes (singe celled and microscopic)
- most diverse and widespread
9
Q
domain archea (2)
A
- consists of prokaryotes
- primitive, extremophiles
10
Q
domain eukarya (4)
A
- protists: multiple kingdoms, most are primary producers, diverse collection of mostly single celled organisms and some simple multicellular relatives
- plantae: produce their own food by photosynthesis, plants ferns shrubs
- fungi: mostly decompose the remains if dead organisms and organic wastes and absorb the nutrients into their cells, mushrooms yeasts molds
- animalia: obtain food by indigestion, sloths
11
Q
evolution (2)
A
- explains both the unity and diversity of life
- unequal reproductive success over many generations increases the percentage of individuals with advantageous traits = evolutionary adaptation
