Ch. 3.1 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
carbohydrate
A
hydrated carbon - CH2O
2
Q
CHOs (2)
A
- contain hydroxyl groups (OH) and carbonyl groups (C=O)
- tend to be hydrophilic due to many CH groups
3
Q
3 basic classes of carbohydrates
A
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
4
Q
monosaccharides (4)
A
- straight chain or ring, where C1 is joined to C5
- most common as glucose
- usually end in “ose”
- isomers play important roles in sugar - glucose and fructose are structural isomers
5
Q
how to tell if it’s an aldose sugar?
A
if C=O is at the end of the molecules it’s aldose, if not it’s ketose
6
Q
general naming based in number of C (4)
A
3C triose, 5C pentose, 6C hexose, 7C septose
7
Q
disaccharides (4)
A
-2 monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis
>glucose+glucose-water=maltose
>glucose+fructose-water=sucrose
>glucose+galactose-water=lactose
8
Q
polysaccharides (5)
A
-very long chains of monosaccharides linked together via dehydration synthesis >starch >cellulose >glycogen >chitin
9
Q
starch (4)
A
- simplest of polysaccharide used as an energy storage molecule in plants
- consists entirely of glucose molecules “stuck” together via dehydration synthesis
- chains could be straight (amylose) or branched (amylopectin)
- we have enzymes to break starches into glucose for use by our bodies (common sources: potatoes, rice, wheat, corn)
10
Q
glycogen (3)
A
- storage polysaccharide of animals
- highly branched
- most often found in muscle and liver cells
11
Q
chitin (2)
A
- modified polysaccharide that contains nitrogen
- important structural material in the exoskeletons of insects, crabs, and lobsters
12
Q
cellulose (5)
A
- principal component of plant cell walls
- most abundant organic molecule on earth
- different linkages that cannot be broken down by most animals
- source of insoluble fibre
- cows and termites have microfibre in their guts that have cellulose and can break down cellulose
