CH 5 (WM) Flashcards
What are the requirements of a well-functioning HC system according to the WHO? [2.5]
Robust financing mechanism.✓✓
A well-trained and adequately paid workforce.✓✓
Reliable info on which to base decisions and policies.✓✓
Well-maintained health facilities and logistics ✓✓ to deliver quality medicines and technologies.✓✓
Define the term Healthcare. [2]
HC refers to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease, illness, injury and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. [1]
HC can be broadly categorized as primary, secondary or tertiary care. ✓✓
HC is typically characterized by an unlimited demand and a limited supply.✓✓
Which factors largely influence access to HC services for citizens and groups across the world. [1]
Social and economic conditions.✓✓
Health policies in place.✓✓
Define the term “Primary Care”. [3]
Primary Care refers to the work of health professionals who act as a first point of consultation for all patients within the HC system.✓✓
For example:
* A primary care physician✓ such as a GP or family doctor.✓✓
* A licensed independent practitioner such as a physio.✓✓
* A non-physician primary care provider (or mid-level provider)✓✓ such as a physician assistant or nurse practitioner.✓✓
Primary care is often used as the term for the HC services that plays a role in the local community.✓✓
Explain why primary care is defined as “involving the widest scope of healthcare?” [2]
- patients of all ages ✓
- patients of all socio-economic and geographic origins ✓✓
- patients seeking to maintain optimal health ✓✓
- patients with all manner of acute and chronic physical, mental issues.✓✓✓
Patients appear in every sentence.
Define the term “Secondary Care”. [2.75]
Refers to the HC services provided by med specialists and other HPs who generally do not have first contact with patients.✓✓
For example, cardiologists, urologists and dermatologists.✓✓✓ CUD
It includes acute care and skilled attendance during childbirth, intensive care and medical imaging services. [1] ASIM
It is sometimes used synonymously with “hospital care”.✓✓
However, many SC providers do not necessarily work in hospitals.✓
For example, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and OTs.✓✓
Depending on the organization and policies of the NHS, patients may be required to see a primary care provider for a referral before they can access SC.✓✓
Define the term “Tertiary Care”. [3.5]
It is specialised consultative HC✓, usually for in-patients✓ and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional✓,
in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment ✓✓, such as a tertiary referral hospital.✓
Examples are cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, plastic surgery, treatment for severe burns, advance neonatology services, palliative and other complex medical and surgical interventions. [2]
How can the supply of HC be categorized? [0.5]
Public sector healthcare and ✓
Private sector healthcare ✓
Define the term public sector healthcare. [2]
Public sector healthcare is generally administered by the government of a country.✓✓
Public sector healthcare services are generally heavily subsidized or offered for free,✓✓ but often associated with significant queues, prescribed protocols and limited alternatives. ✓✓✓
Define the term private sector healthcare. [1.25]
Private healthcare is provided by privately administered practitioners or institutions.✓✓
It often comes at a significant cost to the patient or funder✓, but allows significant freedom of choice, limited waiting time and access to specialists.✓✓
Who are the supply-side key providers? [2.25]
- doctors ✓
- nurses ✓
- support medical personnel and clinical associates ✓✓
- hospitals ✓
- upstream service providers ✓
- pharmaceutical manfacturers ✓
- medicine distributers ✓
- suppliers of medical equipment ✓
