Ch. 5 - Terms (Human Movement Science) Flashcards
Define biomechanics
internal & external forces acting on the body & the effects produced by these forces
Define…
- superior
- inferior
- proximal
- distal
- anterior
- posterior
- medial
- lateral
- contralateral
- ipsilateral
- superior: above
- inferior: below
- proximal: near
- distal: far
- anterior: front
- posterior: back
- medial: middle of body
- lateral: outside of body
- contralateral: opposite side
- ipsilateral: same side
Define anatomic position
position where body is erect, arms at side, palms facing forward
Define sagittal plane
divides the body into left & right
Define flexion
bending movement
- relative angle b/w two adjacent segments decreases
Define extension
straightening movement
- relative angle b/w two adjacent segments increase
Define hyperextension
extension of a joint beyond the normal ROM
Define frontal plane
divides the body into front & back
Define abduction
movement in the frontal plane away f/the midline of the body
Define adduction
movement in the fontal plane award the midline fo the body
Define transverse plane
divides the body into top & bottom
Define internal rotation
rotation of a joint toward middle of body
Define external rotation
rotation of a joint away f/middle of body
Define horizontal abduction
movement in transverse plane f/anterior position to lateral
Define horizontal adduction
movement in transverse plane f/lateral position to anterior
Define…
- scapular retraction
- scapular protraction
- scapular depression
- scapular elevation
- scapular retraction: adduction of the scapulae
- scapular protraction: abduction of the scapulae
- scapular depression: inferior movement of scapulae
- scapular elevation: superior movement of the scapulae
Define eccentric muscle action
when muscle develops tension while lengthening
- resistive force is greater than muscular force
Define concentric muscle action
when a muscle is exerting greater force than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle
Define isometric muscle action
when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it, leading to no visible change in the muscle length
Define isokinetic muscle action
when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full ROM
Define force
influence applied by one object to another, resulting the an acceleration or deceleration of the second object
Define length-tension relationship
resting length of a muscle & its tension
Define force-couple
muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
Define rotary motion
movement of bones around joints
Define torque
force that produces rotation
- unit = Nm
Define motor behavior
motor response to internal & external stimuli
Define motor control
how the CNS integrates internal & sensory info w/previous experiences to produce a motor response
Define motor learning
integration of motor control processes through practice & experience
Define motor development
change in motor skill behavior over time
Define muscle synergies
groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to provide movement
Define sensorimotor integration
gathers & interprets info & executes movement
Define feedback
use of sensory info & sensorimotor integration for learning
Define internal feedback
sensory info is used by the body to reactively monitor movement & the environment
Define external feedback
info by external source
ex: fitness professional, video, mirror, HR monitor
