Ch. 3 - Terms Flashcards
Define cardiorespiratory system
composed of CARDIOVASCULAR & RESPIRATORY system
Define cardiovascular system
composed of the heart, blood, & blood vessels
Define heart
hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by rhythmic contraction
Define mediastinum
space in the chest b/w the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs
Define SA (sinoatrial) node
specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the RA of the heart, which initiates electrical impulses that determine HR
(pacemaker)
Define AV (atrioventricular) node
small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of RA of heart, that receives heartbeat impulses f/the SA node & directs them to ventricular walls
Define atrium
superior chambers of the heart that receive blood f/veins & force it into the ventricles
Define ventricule
inferior chambers of the heart that receive blood f/the corresponding atrium & force it into the arteries
Define SV (stroke volume)
amt of blood pumped out of the heart w/each contraction
Define HR (heart rate)
rate at which the heart pumps
bpm
Define Q (cardiac output)
HR x SV = Q
overall performance of the heart
Define blood
fluid that circulates the heart, arteries, capillaries, & veins
- carries nutrients & oxygen & gets rid of waste products
Define blood vessels
network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body
Define arteries
blood vessels that transport blood AWAY f/heart
Define capillaries
smallest blood vessels & exchange site of chemicals & water between the blood & body tissues
Define veins
blood vessels that transport blood f/capillaries TOWARD the heart
Define arterioles
small terminal branches of the artery which end in capillaries
Define venules
smaller veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins
Define respiratory system
system of organs (lungs & respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen f/external environment & transports it to bloodstream
Define respiratory pump
composed of skeletal structures (bones) & soft tissues (muscles) that work to gather to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur & helps pump blood back to heart during inspiration
Define inspiration
process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air INTO of body
Define expiration
process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air OUT of the body
Define diffusion
process of getting oxygen f/environment to body tissues
Define VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption)
highest rate of oxygen transport & utilization achieved at max physical exertion
