Ch. 4 - Terms (Exercise Metabolism & Bioenergentics) Flashcards
Define bioenergetics
study of energy in the human body
Define metabolism
all the chemical reactions in the body to maintain itself
- process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, & disposed of by the body
Define exercise metabolism
examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes & demands placed on the body during exercise
Define substrates
material or substance on which an enzyme acts
Define carbohydrates
organic compounds of C, H, O
- includes starches, cellulose, & sugar
- important source of energy
- broken down in the body to glucose
Define glucose
simple sugar f/carbs, fat, & to a lesser extent protein
- body’s main source of fuel
Define glycogen
complex carb molecule used to store CARBS in the liver & muscle cells
- when energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells
Define fat
help the body use some vitamins & keep the skin healthy
- energy stores for body
- 2 types of fat: saturated & unsaturated
Define triglycerides (TG)
substrate form of fat
Define protein
amino acids linked by peptide bonds, consisting of C, H, O, N, & usually suffer
- several biologic compounds
Define gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose f/non-carb sources such as amino acid
Define ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
energy storage & transfer unit w/in cells
Define ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
high-energy compound occurring in all cells f/which ATP is formed
Define beta-oxidation
breakdown of TG –> FFA –> converts to acyl-CoA molecules –> enters Krebs cycle –> production of additional ATP
Define EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption)
state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise
