Ch. 2 - Terms

Question 1

Define HMS (human movement system)

Answer 1

combination & interrelation of the NERVOUS, MUSCULAR & SKELETON system

Question 2

Define nervous system

Answer 2

communication network w/in body

Question 3

Define sensory function

Answer 3

sense changes in internal or external environment

Question 4

Define integrative function

Answer 4

analyze & interprets sensory information & produces the appropriate response

Question 5

Define motor function

Answer 5

neuromuscular response to the sensory information after interpretation

Question 6

Define neuron

Answer 6

functional unit of the nervous system

Question 7

Define sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 7

neurons that transmit nerve impulses f/effector sites (such as muscles & organs) via receptors to the brain & spinal cord

Question 8

Define interneurons

Answer 8

neurons that transmit nerve impulses f/one neuron to another

Question 9

Define motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 9

neurons that transmit nerve impulses f/the brain & spinal cord to effector sites

Question 10

Define CNS (central nervous system)

Answer 10

portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain & spinal cord

Question 11

Define PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Answer 11

cranial & spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

Question 12

Define mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

sensory receptors that senses distortion in body tissues

Question 13

Define muscle spindles

Answer 13

mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in muscle length

Question 14

Define GTO (golgi tendon organs)

Answer 14

mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in muscle tension

Question 15

Define joint receptors

Answer 15

mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, & deceleration of the joint

Question 16

Define skeletal system

Answer 16

body’s framework, composed of bones & joints

Question 17

Define bones

Answer 17

structures that provide the resting ground for muscles & protection of vital organs

Question 18

Define joints

Answer 18

junctions of bones & connective tissues, where muscles cause movement

Question 19

Define axial skeleton

Answer 19

portion of the skeletal system, consists fo the skull, rib cage, & vertebral column

Question 20

Define appendicular skeleton

Answer 20

portion of the skeletal system, consists of the upper & lower extremities

Question 21

Define remodeling

Answer 21

process of resorption & formation of bone

Question 22

Define osteoclasts

Answer 22

bone cell that removes bone tissue (resorption)

Question 23

Define osteoblasts

Answer 23

bone cells for bone formation

Question 24

Define epiphysis

Answer 24

end of long bones, mainly composed of cancellous bone & houses most of red marrow involved in RBC production
- primary site for bone growth

Question 25

Define diaphysis

Answer 25

long bone shaft

Question 26

Define epiphysis plate

Answer 26

region of long bone connecting diaphysis to epiphysis where growth in the length of diaphysis occurs
(growth plate)

Question 27

Define periosteum

Answer 27

dense membrane of fibrous connective tissue that wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints

Question 28

Define medullar cavity

Answer 28

central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

Question 29

Define articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 29

cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones

Question 30

Define depressions

Answer 30

flattened or indented portions of bones for muscle attachment sites

Question 31

Define processes

Answer 31

projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, & ligaments can attach

Question 32

Define vertebral column

Answer 32

series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal column

Question 33

Define arthrokinematics

Answer 33

joint motion

Question 34

Define synovial joint

Answer 34

joints held together by a joint capsule & ligaments

• most associated w/movements
• produces synovial fluid to lubricate joints

Question 35

Define non-synovial joints

Answer 35

joints that don’t have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage

Question 36

Define ligaments

Answer 36

fibrous tissue that connects BONE to BONE

- provides stability, input to nervous system, guidance, & limitation of improper joint movement

Question 37

Define muscular system

Answer 37

series of muscles that moves the skeleton

Question 38

Define epimysium

Answer 38

connective tissue underneath the fascia & surrounds the muscle

Question 39

Define perimysium

Answer 39

connective tissue surrounding fascicles

Question 40

Define tendons

Answer 40

connective tissue that attach MUSCLE to BONE

- provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

Question 41

Define sarcomere

Answer 41

functional unit of muscle

• produces muscular contraction
• consists of repeating sections of actin (thin) & myosin (thick) filaments

Question 42

Define neural activation

Answer 42

muscle contraction by neural stimulation

Question 43

Define motor unit

Answer 43

a motor neuron & all the muscle fibers it connects to

Question 44

Define neurotransmitters

Answer 44

chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapses) to transmit electrical impulses f/nerve to muscle