Ch. 5: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Question 1

Erikson’s first three stages of psychosocial development

Answer 1

1. Infancy: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust: Hope
2. 1-3 Years: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: Will
3. 3-5 Years: Initiative vs. Guilt: Purpose

Question 2

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 2

Theoretical view that many human behaviors represent successful adaptions to the environment

Question 3

Internal Working Model

Answer 3

Infant’s understanding/ set of expectations about parent’s responsiveness and availability; thought to influence close relationships throughout child’s life

Question 4

Basic Emotions

Answer 4

emotions experienced by humankind that consist of three elements: a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and an overt behavior.

Question 5

Social Referencing

Answer 5

Infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous environment look at an adult for clues to help them interpret the situation

Question 6

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 6

Any behavior that benefits another person

Question 7

Relational Aggression

Answer 7

Aggression used to hurt others by undermining their social relationships (gossip, etc.)

Question 8

Gender Identity

Answer 8

Sense of oneself as male or female

Question 9

Gender-Schema Theory

Answer 9

Theory states that children want to learn more about an activity only after first deciding whether it is masculine or feminine