Ch. 13: Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood

Question 1

Skeletal Maturity

Answer 1

Point at which bone mass is greatest and the skeleton is at peak development, occurs around 18 for women and 20 in men.

Question 2

Osteoporosis

Answer 2

Disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break

Question 3

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorbtiometry (DXA) Test

Answer 3

Test of bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and the spine

Question 4

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)

Answer 4

Compounds that are not estrogens, but have estrogen-like effects on some tissues and estrogen-blocking effects on other tissues (Related to osteoporosis treatment)

Question 5

Osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Most common form of arthritis, a disease marked by gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain and disability together with minor signs of inflammation from wear and tear

Question 6

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 6

More destructive disease of the joints that develops slowly; it typically affects different joints and causes different types of pain than osteoarthritis

Question 7

Climacteric

Answer 7

biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to nonreproductive years

Question 8

Perimenopause

Answer 8

Individually varying time of transition from regular menstruation

Question 9

Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

Answer 9

women take low doses of estrogen, which is often combined with progestin (a synthetic form of progesterone)

Question 10

Stress and coping paradigm

Answer 10

Framework that view stress not as an environmental stimulus or as a response, but as the interaction of a thinking person and an event

Question 11

Three Types of Appraisals of Stress: Primary, Secondary, and Reappraisal

Answer 11

Primary Appraisal: Categorizes events into three groups based on the significance they have for our well-being: irrelevant, benign/positive, or stressful

Secondary Appraisal: evaluates our perceived ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge

Reappraisal: Process of making a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from changes in the situation

Question 12

Problem-Focused Coping

Answer 12

Attempts to tackle the problem head-on

Question 13

Emotion-focused Coping

Answer 13

dealing with one’s feelings about a stressful event

Question 14

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Answer 14

Being aware and nonjudgmental of whatever is happening in the moment

Question 15

Practical Intelligence

Answer 15

Broad range of skills related to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical and social environments

Question 16

Mechanics of Intelligence

Answer 16

Aspects of intelligence that comprise fluid intelligence

Question 17

Pragmatics of Intelligence

Answer 17

aspects of intelligence reflecting crystallized intelligence

Question 18

McCrae & Costa’s 5 Dimensions of Adult Personality Traits

Answer 18

Suggests that personality traits stop changing by age 30. Neuroticism tends to decrease with age and agreeableness and conscientiousness increase.

Five Traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. NEOAC

Question 19

Personality Adjustment

Answer 19

developmental changes in terms of their adaptive value and functionality such as whether one can function effectively within society and how personality contributes to everyday life running smoothly

Question 20

Personality Growth

Answer 20

Form of personality that refers to ideal end states such as increased self-transcendence, wisdom, and integrity

Question 21

Generativity

Answer 21

In Erikson’s theory, being productive by helping others to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation

Question 22

Stagnation

Answer 22

In Erikson’s theory, the state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults

Question 23

Narrative

Answer 23

Way in which person derives personal meaning from being generative by constructing a life story, which helps create the person’s identity

Question 24

Midlife Correction

Answer 24

Reevaluating one’s roles and dreams and making the necessary correction

Question 25

Kinkeeper

Answer 25

Person who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with each other, usually a middle-aged mother.

Question 26

Sandwich Generation

Answer 26

Middle-aged adults who are caught between the competing demands of two generations: their parents and their children

Question 27

Filial Obligation

Answer 27

Sense of obligation to care for one’s parents if necessary