Ch. 10: Becoming an Adult

Question 1

Emerging Adulthood

Answer 1

Period between mid teens and mid-to-late twenties when people are no longer adolescents but are not yet fully adults

Question 2

role transitions

Answer 2

movement into the next stage of development marked by assumption of new responsibilities and duties (graduation, voting, marriage, etc.)

Question 3

Edgework

Answer 3

desire to live more on the edge through physically and emotionally threatening situations on the boundary between life and death. Typically better planned and prepared for than adolescent impulsive behavior

Question 4

Returning Adult Students

Answer 4

College students usually over age 25

Question 5

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 5

According to Erikson, the major task of young adults is dealing with the psychosocial conflict between these two. (Sixth stage of his theory)

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

How much energy the body needs

Question 7

Low-density Lipoproteins (LDLs)

Answer 7

“Bad” cholesterol. Cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries, impeding blood flow

Question 8

High-density Lipoproteins (HDLs)

Answer 8

“Good” cholesterol. help keep arteries clear and break down LDLs

Question 9

Body Mass Index

Answer 9

BMI = w/hxh (weight/height squared)

Question 10

Baltes et al. Three Concepts Vital to Intelligence

Answer 10

Multidirectionality: pattern in which some aspects of intelligence improve and other aspects decline during adulthood.

Interindividual Variability: patterns of change that vary from one person to another

Plasticity: intellectual abilities are not fixed and can be modified under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood.

Question 11

Multidimensional

Answer 11

Applies to most theories of intelligence and means they identify several types of intellectual abilities

Question 12

Structure of Intelligence

Answer 12

Organization of interrelated intellectual abilities (Most common way to describe is a five level heirarchy)

Question 13

Factor (as related to intelligence)

Answer 13

interrelated abilities measured by two tests if the performance on one test is highly related to the performance on another

Question 14

Primary Mental Abilities

Answer 14

Groups of related intellectual skills (such as memory or spatial ability). The is the first/lowest level in the heirarchy

Question 15

Secondary Mental Abilities

Answer 15

Broader intellectual abilities that subsume and organize the primary abilities (ex: crystallized intelligence)

Question 16

Five main areas of primary mental abilities (focus of most research)

Answer 16

-Number
-Word Fluency
-Verbal Meaning
-Inductive Reasoning (ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts)
-Spatial Orientation

Question 17

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 17

Abilities that make you a flexible and adaptive thinker, to make inferences, and understand relations among concepts

Question 18

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 18

Knowledge you have acquired through education and life experience in a particular culture

Question 19

Major Secondary Mental Abilities

Answer 19

-Crystallized Intelligence
-Fluid Intelligence
-Visual Organization
-Auditory Organization
-Short-term acquisition and retrieval
-Long-term storage and retrieval

Question 20

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT)

Answer 20

Proposes that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain

Question 21

Neural Efficiency Hypothesis

Answer 21

Intelligent people process information more efficiently, showing weaker neural activations in a smaller number of areas than less intelligent people

Question 22

Postformal Thought

Answer 22

Characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in thinking

Question 23

Reflective Judgement

Answer 23

way in which adults reason through dilemmas involving current affairs, religion, science, personal relationships, etc.

Question 24

Stages of Reflective Judgement

Answer 24

-Prereflective Reasoning (stages 1-3): Knowledge is gained through authority figure or direct observation and belief that what what knows is absolutely correct (ex: It’s on Fox News it must be true)

-Quasi-Reflective Reasoning (stages 4-5): Belief that knowledge or knowledge claims contain uncertainty (ex: I would believe in climate change if I could see the proof. How do you know scientists aren’t making up the data?)

-Reflective Reasoning (stages 6-7): knowledge claims cannot be made with certainty but make judgements about most reasonable and relatively certain based on evaluation of available data

Question 25

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 25

ability to recognize their own and others’ emotions, correctly identify and appropriately tell differences between emotions and use this info to guide thinking and behavior

Question 26

impression formation

Answer 26

the way we form and revise first impressions about others

Question 27

Life-span Construct

Answer 27

based on personal experience and influence from others, adults create a unified sense of past, present, and future

Question 28

Scenario

Answer 28

manifestation of life-span construct through expectations about the future

Question 29

social clock

Answer 29

tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed

Question 30

life story

Answer 30

people created an internalized narrative with a beginning, middle, and end

Question 31

Possible Selves

Answer 31

Representations of what we could become, what we would like to become, and what we are afraid of becoming

Question 32

Personal Control Beliefs

Answer 32

Degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do

Question 33

Primary Control

Answer 33

Behavior aimed at affecting the individual’s external world

Question 34

Secondary Control

Answer 34

Behavior or cognition aimed at affecting the individual’s internal world