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HAP > CH 5: Nervous System > Flashcards

CH 5: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

primary control system of the body

A

nervous system

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2
Q

provides for higher mental functions and emotional expression, maintains homeostasis, and regulates the activities of
muscles and glands.

A

nervous system

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3
Q

Communication by the nervous system
involves a combination of

A

electrical and chemical signals

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4
Q

All body systems are influenced by the

A

nervous system

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5
Q

Three overlapping functions of the nervous system

A
  1. Sensory input
  2. Processes and interprets- integration
  3. Response or effect- via motor input
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6
Q

processes and interprets the sensory input
and decides response—a process called

A

integration

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7
Q

The Central nervous system (CNS) consists of the (2)

A

brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Act as the integrating and command centers of the nervous system

A

central nervous system

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9
Q

Central nervous system _____ incoming sensory information and __ ___ based on past experience and current conditions.

A

interpret
issue instructions

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10
Q

includes all parts of the nervous system.

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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11
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists mainly of the ____ that extend from
the ____ and____.

A

nerves
spinal cord
brain

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12
Q

carry impulses to and from the
spinal cord.

A

spinal nerves

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13
Q

carry impulses to and from the
brain. These nerves serve as communication lines.

A

cranial nerves

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14
Q

link all parts of the body by carrying
impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS and from the CNS to the appropriate glands or muscles

A

peripheral nervous system

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15
Q

consists of nerves that convey impulses toward the CNS

A

sensory division or afferent division

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16
Q

Functional Classification (2)

A

-sensory division, or afferent division
-motor division, or efferent division

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17
Q

Two division of sensory division, or afferent division

A

Somatic Sensory Fibers
Visceral Sensory Fibers

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18
Q

Difference between
Somatic Sensory Fibers
Visceral Sensory Fibers

A

Somatic Sensory Fibers-delivering
impulses
Visceral Sensory Fibers-transmitting
impulses

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19
Q

Two division of motor division, or efferent division

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

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20
Q

carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs

A

motor division, or efferent division

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21
Q

delivering impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

A

Somatic Sensory Fibers

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22
Q

transmitting impulses from the visceral organs

A

Visceral Sensory Fibers

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23
Q

allows us to voluntarily movement

A

Somatic nervous system

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24
Q

regulates events that are involuntary movement.

A

Autonomic nervous system

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25
Q

Autonomic nervous system has two parts

A

Parasympathetic
* Sympathetic

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26
Q

support cells

A

neuroglia

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27
Q

abundant star-shaped cells that account for nearly half of neural tissue

A

astrocytes

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28
Q

brace and anchor neurons to their nutrient
supply lines

A

astrocytes

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29
Q

It forms a living barrier between capillaries and neurons, helps determine capillary permeability, and plays a role in making exchanges between the two.

A

astrocytes

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30
Q

helps to control the chemical environment
in the brain

A

astrocytes

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31
Q

spiderlike phagocytes

A

microglia

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32
Q

monitor the health of nearby neurons and
dispose of debris

A

microglia

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33
Q

line the central cavities of the brain and the
spinal cord

A

ependymal cells

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34
Q

participate in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

ependymal cells

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35
Q

Ependymal Cells participate in the production of

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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36
Q

protective watery cushion around the CNS.

A

ependymal cells

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37
Q

Neuroglia that wrap their flat extensions
(processes) tightly around CNS nerve fibers, producing fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths

A

oligodendrocytes

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38
Q

Neuroglia that wrap their flat extensions
(processes) tightly around CNS nerve fibers, producing fatty insulating coverings called

A

myelin sheaths

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39
Q

Supporting cells in the PNS come in two major varieties

A

-Schwann cells
-Satellite cells

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40
Q

Difference between
-Schwann cells
-Satellite cells

A

Schwann cells- form the myelin sheaths
around nerve fibers in the PNS.

Satellite cells- act as protective,
cushioning cells for peripheral neuron cell
bodies

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41
Q

form the myelin sheaths
around nerve fibers in the PNS.

A

-Schwann cells

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42
Q

act as protective,
cushioning cells for peripheral neuron cell
bodies

A

-Satellite cells

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43
Q

nervous tissue

A

neurons

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44
Q

Cells specialized to transmit messages

A

neurons

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45
Q

Major regions of neurons (2)

A

cell body
processes

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46
Q

nucleus and metabolic center
of the cell

A

cell body

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47
Q

fibers that extend from the
cell body (dendrites and axons)

A

Processes

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48
Q

cell body (2)

A

*Nucleus
*Large nucleolus

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49
Q

Extensions outside the cell body (2)

A

dendrites
axons

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50
Q

conduct impulses toward the cell body

A

dendrites

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51
Q

conduct impulses away from the cell body (only 1!)

A

axons

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52
Q

Axons end in

A

axonal terminals

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53
Q

contain vesicles with
neurotransmitters

A

Axonal terminals

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54
Q

Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap (2)

A

*Synaptic cleft
*Synapse

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55
Q

gap between adjacent

A

*Synaptic cleft

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56
Q

junction between nerves

A

*Synapse

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57
Q

myelin sheaths (2)

A

*Schwann cells
*Nodes of Ranvier

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58
Q

gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

A

*Nodes of Ranvier

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59
Q

produce myelin sheaths in jelly roll like fashion

A

Schwann cells –

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60
Q

Protects and insulates the fibers and increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

A

myelin sheaths

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61
Q

neuron cell body are mostly found in the

A

central nervous system

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62
Q

– cell bodies and
unmylenated fibers

A

Gray matter

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63
Q

– clusters of cell bodies within
the white matter of the central nervous system

A

Nuclei

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64
Q

– collections of cell bodies outside the
central nervous system

A

Ganglia

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65
Q

Function Classification of Neurons

A
  • Sensory (afferent) neurons
  • Motor (efferent) neurons
  • Interneurons (association neurons)
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66
Q

Carry impulses from the sensory receptors

A
  • Sensory (afferent) neurons
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67
Q

Carry impulses from the sensory receptors (2)

A
  • Cutaneous sense organs
  • Proprioceptors
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68
Q

– detect stretch or
tension

A

Proprioceptors

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69
Q

Carry impulses from the central nervous
system

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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70
Q

Found in neural pathways in the central
nervous system

A

Interneurons (association neurons)

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71
Q
A
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72
Q

Connect sensory and motor neurons

A

Interneurons (association neurons)

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73
Q

Structural classification of neurons

A
  • Multipolar neurons
  • Bipolar neurons
  • Unipolar neurons
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74
Q

many extensions from the cell body

A

Multipolar neurons

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75
Q

neurons one axon and one dendrite

A

Bipolar

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76
Q

have a short single process leaving the cell body

A

Unipolar neurons

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77
Q

How neurons function (physiology)

A

Irritability
Conductivity

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78
Q

ability to respond to stimuli

A

Irritability

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79
Q

ability to transmit an impulse

A

Conductivity

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80
Q

The plasma membrane at rest is

A

polarized

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81
Q

______ ____ ___are inside the cell than
outside the cell

A

Fewer
positive ions

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82
Q

a stimulus depolarizes the
neuron’s membrane

A

Depolarization

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83
Q

allows sodium (Na+) to flow inside the membrane

A

depolarized membrane

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84
Q

Depolarization allows ____ to flow inside the membrane

A

sodium (Na+)

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85
Q

initiates an action potential in the neuron

A

exchange of ions

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86
Q

nerve impulse

A

action potential

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87
Q

rush out of the neuron after
sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes membrane

A

potassium ions

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88
Q

restores the original configuration

A

sodium-potassium pump

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89
Q

Action potential requires

A

ATP

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90
Q

Impulses travel faster when fibers have a

A

myelin sheath

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91
Q

released from a nerve’s axon terminal

A

Neurotransmitter

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92
Q

The ____ of the next neuron has receptors
that are stimulated by the ____

A

dendrite

neurotransmitter

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93
Q

Where action potential starts

A

dendrite

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94
Q

rapid, predictable, and involuntary
responses to stimuli

A

reflex

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95
Q

direct route from a sensory neuron,
to an interneuron, to an effector

A

Reflex arc

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96
Q

Types of Reflexes (2)

A

Autonomic Reflexes
Somatic Reflexes

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97
Q
  • Autonomic reflexes REGULATIONS (4)
A

*Smooth muscle regulation
*Heart and blood pressure regulation
*Regulation of glands
*Digestive system regulation

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98
Q

Somatic reflexes REGULATIONS (1)

A

*Activation of skeletal muscles

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99
Q

a three-neuro reflex arc in which the limb is withdrawn from painful stimulus

A

Flexor, or Withdrawal Reflex

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100
Q

A three-neuron reflex arc also consists of five elements-

A

receptor
sensory
interneuron
motor neuron, effector
neuron

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101
Q

involve only spinal cord neurons and occur
without brain involvement.

A

Spinal reflexes

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102
Q

develops from the embryonic neural tube

A

central nervous system

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103
Q

*The neural tube becomes the (2)

A

brain
spinal cord

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104
Q

*The opening of the neural tube becomes the

A

ventricle

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105
Q

regions of the brain (4)

A
  • Cerebral hemispheres
  • Diencephalon
  • Brain stem
  • Cerebellum
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106
Q

Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain

A

Cerebral Hemisphere (Cerebrum)

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107
Q

Include more than half of the brain mass

A

Cerebral Hemisphere (Cerebrum)

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108
Q

The surface of Cerebral Hemisphere (Cerebrum) is made of (2)

A

ridges (gyri)
grooves (sulci)

109
Q

deep groove

A

Fissure

110
Q

Surface lobes of the cerebrum (4)

A

*Frontal lobe
*Parietal lobe
*Occipital lobe
*Temporal lobe

111
Q

Speech, memory, logical and emotional
responses, consciousness, the interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movement are all functions

A

cerebral cortex

112
Q

located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus

A

primary somatic sensory area

113
Q

primary somatic sensory area located in the _____ posterior to the ____

A

parietal lobe
central sulcus

114
Q

mpulses traveling from the body’s
sensory receptors (except for the special
senses) are localized and interpreted in
this area of the brain.

A

primary somatic sensory area

115
Q

is a map of brain areas dedicated to sensory processing for different anatomical divisions of the body1.

A

sensory homunculus

116
Q

allows us to consciously move our skeletal
muscles,

A

primary motor area

117
Q

Primary sensory area is located in the anterior to the ____ in the ____.

A

central sulcus
frontal lobe

118
Q

Three divisions of cerebral cortex

A

-Primary somatic sensory area
-Primary motor area
-Broca’s area

119
Q

The axons of primar motor neurons form
the major voluntary motor tract—the
_____ or ____,
which descends to the spinal cord

A

pyramidal tract, or corticospinal tract

120
Q

Also called the motor speech area

A

Broca’s area

121
Q

Helps us speak by sending the motor
signals that allow us to form words with
our mouths.

A

Broca’s area

122
Q

Broca’s area is found at the base of the ______ (the gyrus _____ to the _____).

A

precentral gyrus

anterior

central sulcus

123
Q

involved in higher intellectual
reasoning and socially acceptable behavior

A

Anterior association area

124
Q

(anterior Part of the Frontal lobes)

A

Anterior association area

125
Q

house areas involved with language comprehension

A

frontal lobes

126
Q

Complex memories appear to be stored in the (2)

A

temporal and frontal lobes

127
Q

area plays a role in recognizing patterns and faces, and blending several different inputs into an understanding of the whole situation.

A

posterior cortex

128
Q

speech area, located at the junction of the (3)

A

temporal
parietal
occipital lobes

129
Q

Area found in posterior contex

A

speech area

130
Q

allows you to sound out
words.

A

speech area

131
Q

usually in only one cerebral hemisphere.

A

speech area

132
Q

Cerebral areas involved in special senses (4)

A

*Gustatory area (taste)
*Visual area
*Auditory area
*Olfactory area

133
Q

outer layer and composed mostly of neuron cell bodies

A

gray matter

134
Q

composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to, from, or within the cortex.

A

gray matter

135
Q

corpus callosum connects hemispheres. Such fiber tracts are called

A

commissures

136
Q

above the structures of the brain stem

A

corpus callosum arches

137
Q

allows the cerebral hemispheres to communicate with one another

A

corpus callosum arches

138
Q

connect areas within a hemisphere,

A

association fiber tracts

139
Q

connect the cerebrum with lower CNS centers, such as the brainstem.

A

projection fiber tracts

140
Q

internal islands of gray matter

A

basal nuclei

141
Q

Regulates voluntary motor activities by
modifying info sent to the motor cortex

A

basal nuclei

142
Q

Problems of basal nuclei (3)

A

unable to control muscles, spastic,
jerky

143
Q
  • Involved in Huntington’s and Parkinson’s Disease
A

Basal Nuclei

144
Q

Basal nuclei is involved in (2)

A

Huntington’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease

145
Q

Sits on top of the brain stem

A

diencephalon

146
Q

diencephalon enclosed by

A

cerebral hemispheres

147
Q

Enclosed by the cerebral heispheres

A

diencephalon

148
Q

diencephalon is made up of three parts

A

*Thalamus
*Hypothalamus
*Epithalamus

149
Q

Surrounds the third ventricle

A

thalamus

150
Q

The relay station for sensory impulses

A

thalamus

151
Q

Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

A

thalamus

152
Q

under the thalamus

A

hypothalamus

153
Q

important autonomic nervous system center

A

hypothalamus

154
Q

Important autonomic nervous system center (3)

A

*Helps regulate body temperature
*Controls water balance
*Regulates metabolism

155
Q

An important part of the limbic system
(emotions)

A

hypothalamus

156
Q

Hypothalamus is an important part of the

A

limbic system (emotions)

157
Q

The _______ is attached to the
hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

158
Q

reflex centers involved in olfaction (the sense of smell), bulge from the floor of the hypothalamus posterior to the pituitary gland.

A

mammillary bodies

159
Q

Forms the roof of the third ventricle

A

epithalamus

160
Q

Epithalamus houses the

A

pineal body

161
Q

knots of capillaries within each of the four ventricles and along with the ependymal cells lining the ventricles, form the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

choroid plexus

162
Q

Brainstem is about the size of a

A

-thumb in diameter
- 3 inch

163
Q

Provides a pathway for ascending and
descending tracts, the brain stem has many small gray matter areas.

A

brain stem

164
Q

Structure of brain stem (3)

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

165
Q

extends from the mammillary bodies to the pons inferiorly

A

midbrain

166
Q

Midbrain is composed of primarily of two bulging fiber tracts

A

cerebral peduncles

167
Q

a tiny canal that travels through the midbrain, connects the 3rd ventricle
of the diencephalon to the 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

168
Q

four rounded protrusions located dorsally that serves as the reflex centers involved with vision and hearing

A

Corpora quadrigemina

169
Q

bulging center part of the brain stem

A

pons

170
Q

Mostly composed of fiber tracts

A

pons

171
Q
A
172
Q

pons is mostly composed of

A

fiber tracts

173
Q

Includes nuclei involved in the control of
breathing

A

pons

174
Q

most inferior part of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

175
Q

medulla oblongata merges into the

A

spinal cord

176
Q

merges into the spinal cord

A

medulla oblongata

177
Q

Includes important fiber tract area.

A

medulla onlongata

178
Q

Includes area where the important pyramidal tracts (motor fibers) cross over to the opposite side.

A

medulla oblongata

179
Q

(motor fibers)

A

pyramidal tracts

180
Q

control heart rate, blood pressure,
breathing, swallowing, and vomiting, among
others.

A

medulla oblongata

181
Q

Medulla oblongata control (5)

A

-heart rate
-blood pressure
-breathing
-swallowing
-vomiting

182
Q

The _______ lies posterior to the ___ and ___ and anterior to the cerebellum

A

fourth ventricle
pons and medulla

183
Q

diffuse mass of gray matter that extends to the entire length of the brain stem that involves in motor control of the visceral organ

A

reticular formation

184
Q

plays a role in consciousness and the
awake/sleep cycle.

A

reticular activating system (RAS)

185
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS) plays a role in (2)

A

-consciousness
-awake/sleep cycle.

186
Q

also acts as a filter for the flood of
sensory inputs that streams up the spinal
cord and brain stem daily.

A

reticular activating system (RAS)

187
Q

two hemispheres with convoluted surface that provides the precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance.

A

cerebellum

188
Q

continuously comparing the brain’s “intentions” with actual body performance by monitoring body position and the amount of tension in various body parts.

A

cerebellum

189
Q

When needed, the_____ sends messages
to initiate the appropriate corrective measures.

A

cerebellum

190
Q

Protection of the Central Nervous System (5)

A
  • Scalp and skin
  • Skull and vertebral column
  • Meninges
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Blood brain barrier
191
Q

Layers of Meninges (3)

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid layer
  • Pia mater
192
Q

Has a double-layered external covering

A

Dura mater

193
Q

Dura mater have a double -layered external covering

A

Periosteum
Meningeal Layer

194
Q

attached to surface of the skull

A

Periosteum

195
Q

outer covering of the brain

A

Meningeal layer

196
Q

middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid layer

197
Q

weblike layer of meninges

A

arachnoid layer

198
Q

internal layer of meninges

A

Pia mater

199
Q

Layer of meninges that clings to the surface of the brain

A

Pia mater

200
Q

A watery “broth” with components similar to blood plasma, from which it forms.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

201
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the

A

choroid plexus

202
Q

Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

203
Q

Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

204
Q

Includes the least permeable capillaries of the body

A

blood brain barrier

205
Q

Excludes many potentially harmful substances

A

blood brain barrier

206
Q

Blood brain barrier is useless against some substances (5)

A

*Fats and fat soluble molecules
*Respiratory gases
*Alcohol
*Nicotine
*Anesthesia

207
Q

Traumatic Brain Injuries (3)

A

Concussion
Contusion
Cerebral edema

208
Q

− Slight brain injury
− No permanent brain damage

A

concussion

209
Q

− Nervous tissue destruction occurs
− Nervous tissue does not regenerate

A

contusion

210
Q

− Swelling from the inflammatory response
− May compress and kill brain tissue

A

Cerebral edema

211
Q

Commonly called a stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident CVA

212
Q

The result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain

A

cerebrovascular accident CVA

213
Q

Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that
blood source dies

A

cerebrovascular accident CVA

214
Q

a one-sided paralysis

A

hemiplegia

215
Q

damage to the left cerebral hemisphere, where the language areas are located.

A

Aphasias

216
Q

-loss of the ability to speak
-(loses the ability to understand written or spoken language

A

Motor Aphasia
Sensory Aphasia

217
Q

can also cause marked changes in a
person’s disposition

A

Brain lesions

218
Q

glistening white continuation of the brain stem

A

spinal cord

219
Q
  • Provides a two-way conduction pathway to and from the brain, and it is a major reflex center
A

spinal cord

220
Q

Spinal cord is enclosed within the

A

vertebral column

221
Q

The spinal cord extends from the ______ of the skull to the _______

A

foramen magnum
first or second lumbar vertebra

222
Q

In humans, __ pairs of spinal nerves arise from the cord and exit from the vertebral column to serve the body area close by.

A

31

223
Q

(collection of the spinal nerve)

A

Cauda equine

224
Q

conduction tracts

A

Exterior white mater

225
Q

Internal gray matter

A

mostly cell bodies

226
Q
  • Internal gray matter is divided into two
A
  • Dorsal (posterior) horns
  • Anterior (ventral) horns
227
Q
  • ____ filled with cerebrospinal fluid
  • _____ cover the spinal cord
  • Nerves leave at the level of each vertebrae
A

Central canal
Meninges

228
Q

White matter of the spinal cord is composed of

A

myelinated fiber tracts

229
Q

Three regions of white matter

A

dorsal column
lateral column
ventral column

230
Q
  • All tracts in the dorsal columns are ____ that carry sensory input to the brain.
A

ascending tracts

231
Q

The lateral and ventral columns contain both
_____

A

ascending and descending (motor) tracts

232
Q

is a bundle of neuron fibers

A

nerve

233
Q

Each fiber is surrounded by a delicate connective tissue sheats called an

A

endoneurium

234
Q

Groups of fibers are bound by a coarser
connective tissue wrapping, the ____ to form fiber bundles, or___.

A

perineurium
fascicles

235
Q

all the fascicles are bound together by a
tough fibrous sheath, the_____, to form the cordlike nerve

A

epineurium

236
Q

Classification of Nerves (3)

A

-Mixed nerves
-Afferent nerves
-Efferent nerves

237
Q

–both sensory and motor fibers
–carry impulses toward the CNS
–carry impulses away from the CNS

A

*Mixed nerves –both sensory and motor fibers
*Afferent (sensory) nerves–carry impulses toward the CNS
*Efferent (motor) nerves –carry impulses away from the CNS

238
Q
  • The __pairs of cranial nerves primarily serve the head and neck. Only one pair (____) extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
A

12
the vagus nerves

239
Q
  • The ___ pairs of human spinal nerves are formed by the joining of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord.
A

31

240
Q

Spinal nerves are divided into (2)

A

dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

241
Q

serve the skin and muscles of the posterior body trunk.

A

Dorsal rami

242
Q

The ventral rami of spinal nerves T1 through T12 form the ____, which supply the muscles between the ribs and the skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral trunk.

A

intercostal nerves

243
Q

The ventral rami of all other spinal nerves form complex networks of nerves called ____, which serve the motor and sensory needs of the limbs.

A

plexuses

244
Q

the cell bodies of the motor neurons are inside the CNS, and their axons
(in spinal nerves and their rami) extend all the way to the skeletal muscles they serve.

A

somatic division

245
Q

has a chain of two motor neurons preganglionic neuron and postganglionic axon

A

autonomic nervous system

246
Q

autonomic nervous system has a chain of two motor neurons

A

preganglionic neuron
postganglionic axon

247
Q

Two types of autonomic functioning

A

-Sympathetic
-Parasympathetic

248
Q

*Response to unusual stimulus
*Takes over to increase activities

A

Sympathetic

249
Q

Fight or flight

A

sympathetic

250
Q

Sympatheic remember as the “___” division = (4)

A

E

exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment

251
Q

housekeeping activites

A

parasympathetic

252
Q

*Conserves energy
*Maintains daily necessary body functions

A

Parasympathetic

253
Q

Parasympathetic remember as the “__” division - (3)

A

D
digestion,
defecation, and diuresis

254
Q

The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are located in brain nuclei of several cranial nerves

A

III, VII, IX, and X
S2 through S4 levels of the spinal cord

255
Q

Anatomy parasympathetic is also known as

A

craniosacral division

256
Q

preganglionic neurons are in the ___ of
the spinal cord from ____

A

gray matter

T1 through L2

257
Q

Preganglionic neurons are also called

A

thoracolumbar division

258
Q

____are formed after birth, but growth and maturation continues for several years
(new evidence!)

A

No more neurons

259
Q

The brain reaches maximum weight as a

A

young adult

260
Q

No more neurons are formed after birth but we can always grow

A

dendrites

261
Q

a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia (mental deterioration), memory loss (particularly for recent events), a short attention span and
disorientation, and eventual language loss.

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

262
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease is associated with a shortage of

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

263
Q

Microscopic examinations of brain tissue reveal ____ (aggregations of beta amyloid peptide) littering the brain like shrapnel between the neurons.

A

senile plaques

264
Q

Another line of research has implicated a protein called ___, which appears to bind microtubule “tracks” together, much like railroad ties.

A

tau

265
Q

basal nuclei problem

A

Parkinson’s disease

266
Q

It results from degeneration of specific neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, which normally supply dopamine to the basal nuclei.

A

Parkinson’s disease

267
Q

Genetic disease that strikes during middle age leads to massive degeneration of the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex.

A

Huntington’s Disease

268
Q

Huntington’s Disease initial symptoms are wild, jerky, and almost continuous flapping movements called

A

chorea (Greek for “dance”)

269
Q
A

HAP (7 decks)

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