ch 5 keywords Flashcards
analogical induction
/
argument by analogy
An argument making use of analogy,
reasoning that because two or more things are similar in several respects,
they must be similar in some further respect things sharing similarities then They must share other similarities
analogy
A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects.
biased sample
A sample that does not properly represent the target group
confidence level
the probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error.
enumerative induction
An inductive argument pattern
in which
we reason from premises about individual members of a group to conclusions about the group as a whole.
- specific to general
hasty generalization
The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size
margin of error
The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group
random sampling
-A sample
-selected randomly from a target group
in such a way as
-to ensure that the sample is representative.
In a simple random selection, every member of the target group has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
property in question
/
relevant property
In enumerative induction,
a property, or
characteristic, that is of interest in the target group.
representative sample
In enumerative induction, a sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways.
sample members
In enumerative induction, the observed members of the target group
self-selecting sample
An unscientific type of sample
in which
the members of the sample select themselves.
eg: surveys
target population
In enumerative induction,
the whole collection of individuals under study.
