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Adult Development > Ch. 5 Health and Prevention > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Health and Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

activities of daily life (ADL)

A

basic behaviors for individuals to be successfully independent at home:
- eating
- transferring
- movement from different locations; bed to chair; chair to toilet
- bathing
- toileting
- dressing

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2
Q

instrumental activities of daily life (IADL)

A

supported from basic activities:
- use of telephone
- shopping
- preparing meals
- housekeeping
- laundry
- transportation (private/public)
Take medications
Handle finances

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3
Q

risk factors of secondary aging

A
  • at risk for multiple negative outcomes
    associated with ¾ outcomes: not alcohol use
  • tobacco use
  • alcohol use
  • unhealthy diet
    -sedentary lifestyle
  • obesity
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4
Q

chronic diseases of secondary aging

A
  • cancer
  • cardiovascular disease
  • diabetes
    -chronic lung disease
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5
Q

diseases of the cardiovascular system

A
  • cardiac and cerebrovascular
  • prevention of heart disease and stroke
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6
Q

cardiovascular system: rates of physical activity

A

normative data taken from large groups of people that are averaged for broad population
- rates of inactivity:
50-64 years old: 25%
65-74 years old: 27%
75+ years old: 35%
- inactivity among the college educated: 14%

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7
Q

high blood pressure

A
  • regular activity is important to cardiovascular system
  • want to avoid HBP
  • could be a decrease in the effectiveness
  • enlarged heart = heart failure
    drug use
  • atherosclerosis affects the flow of the blood to the heart
    plaque build up
    increases blood pressure
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8
Q

buildup of plaque → coronary heart disease

A
  • the progression of the plaque buildup
  • gradually become more restrictive with blood flow
  • eventually cut off blood flow completely
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9
Q

strokes

A
  • cerebrovascular
  • seek medical attention ASAP
  • begin with blood cut; deprives brain of oxygen
  • production of glutamate
  • results in cascade of too many sodium ions → tissue death of neurons/neural connections
  • some tissue death can be mitigated
  • form in brain or travel from somewhere in the body
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10
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

3 out of 5 factors needed:
- high blood sugar
- high blood pressure
- low “HDL” (good) cholesterol
- high triglycerides
- excess fat around the waist

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11
Q

cancer rates

A
  • men and women experience about the same number of cases and deaths
  • increases really start to show in ages 45-54
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12
Q

cancer & weight

A
  • metabolic issues
  • obesity is a health risk for many types of cancer
  • physiological not effectively using our blood oxygen, not physically using heart
  • correlational
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13
Q

forms of cancer treatment

A
  • radiation
  • chemotherapy
  • surgery
  • targeted drug therapies
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14
Q

radiation

A
  • extremely vicious
  • eliminate cancer cells
  • cannot distinguish healthy cells from cancerous
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15
Q

surgery

A

ruled out if there are METS

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16
Q

targeted drug therapies

A

targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow, divide, and spread

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17
Q

diseases of the musculoskeletal system

A
  • osteoarthritis
  • osteoporosis
  • bone thinning; losing bone density
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18
Q

a joint with severe osteoarthritis

A
  • worn away cartilage; a surface to move on
    bone friction
  • affects cartilage and ligaments
19
Q

osteoarthritis risk factors

A
  • impact and repeated use of joints
  • being overweight / obese
    especially affects lower joints
    men
    pregnant women
20
Q

osteoarthritis treatment

A
  • OTC pain medications
  • exercise geared to ability → walking, mobility; focus movements and joints
  • injection into joints → invasive procedures are risky
    sports injuries; injection of fluid
  • replacements
    knee & hip
21
Q

osteoporosis

A
  • bones become porous → more brittle
  • hunched over look
  • spinal mobility
22
Q

osteoporosis risk factors

A
  • postmenopausal status
  • white females
  • excessive alcohol use
  • cigarette smoking
  • diets low in calcium, protein, minerals, vitamins
  • sedentary lifestyle
23
Q

osteoporosis treatment

A
  • medications (have risks)
  • dietary silicon
  • prevention through weight-bearing exercise
24
Q

diabetes & the pancreas

A
  • insulin moves into glucose cell
  • cells don’t respond properly; glucose accumulates
  • treatment involves insulin, dietary changes, exercise
  • glucose cannot be metabolized
25
Q

types of diabetes

A
  • type I: genetic
  • type II: manifests; responsive to lifestyle patterns
  • gestational: pregnancy
26
Q

respiratory diseases

A
  • not everyone has access to clean air
  • COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    healthy bronchial tubes are open and are well-respirated
    tubes become restricted and inflamed with excess mucus
27
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A
  • diagnostic criteria
  • could have 1 or several:
    memory loss
    aphasia
    apraxia
    agnosia
    social cognition
    disturbances in executive functioning
28
Q

aphasia

A

loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage

29
Q

apraxia

A

loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them

30
Q

agnosia

A

inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result of brain damage.

31
Q

alzhiemer’s disease: age 30

A
  • amyloid plaque diagnosis
  • found during autopsies; no biological evidence
32
Q

alzhiemer’s disease: age 55

A
  • MCI: Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
  • precursor
33
Q

alzhiemer’s disease: age 70

A
  • after AD diagnosis, cognitive decline
  • forget how to swallow
34
Q

normal aging memory issues

A
  • making a bad decision once in a while
  • missing a monthly payment
  • forgetting which day it is…but remembering!
  • sometimes forgetting which word to use
  • losing things from time to time
35
Q

alzhiemer’s disease memory issues

A
  • making poor judgements and decisions a lot of the time
  • consistent problem with keeping track of bills
  • losing track of date or time of year
  • difficulty with normal conversation
  • misplacing things often and being unable to find them
36
Q

normal APP cleavage

A

occurs when it is snipped by a-secretase, releasing a neuroprotective fragment with snipped APP

37
Q

formation of amyloid plaque cleavage

A

the snipping by b-secretase and y-secretase results in abormal cleavage and production of plaques

38
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A

formed when tau disintegrates leading microtubules to become twisted and tangled

39
Q

genetic theories of alzhiemer’s disease

A
  • early onset cases → discovery of potential genetic causes
  • ApoE gene implicated in plaques
40
Q

protective factors of alzhiemer’s disease

A
  • mental activity
  • social support and active socialization
  • physical exercise
  • mediterranean diet → avoiding America diet
  • limited alcohol
41
Q

medical treatments for AD

A

Anticholinesterase
- THA (tacrine)
- Donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)
- Galantamine (Rasadyne)
- Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Glutamate
- Memantine

42
Q

other neurocognitive disorders

A
  • vascular neurocognitive disorder (multi-infarct dementia)
  • frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder
43
Q

reversible neurocognitive disorders

A
  • normal pressure hydrocephalus
  • subdural hematoma
  • delirium
  • polypharmacy
  • wernicke’s disease (can progress to Korsakoff syndrome)

Adult Development (7 decks)

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