Ch. 4 Physical Changes Flashcards
1
Q
Appearance
A
- skin and hair
- they affect our identity → continuity principle
- interactionist model
behavior then mobility
medicine may actually be hurting people
2
Q
age changes in skin
A
- biopsychosocial perspective: psychical change is being affected by social factors
- skin starts to change as early as 20 in face and hands
- dermis level gets thinner, subcutaneous fat changes
- collagen and elastic decrease
- appearance of wrinkles, cellulite, sagging
3
Q
photoaging
A
- sun exposure over time
- changes in the collagen and elastic molecules that contribute to wrinkling and sagging
areas of discoloration - wear sunscreen on your faces –DAILY
4
Q
hands
A
- skin and nails
- bones become more pronounced
- changes in nail beds
- age spots
5
Q
bone changes in face
A
- bone loss occurs
- lose bone structure in jaw
- noses become more pronounced
- ears begin to look bigger
6
Q
teeth
A
- lose enamel
- keeping teeth is a major health outcome
7
Q
eyes
A
- crows feet
- pigment in iris changes
- puffiness in under eye area
8
Q
hair
A
- graying and thinning
- male balding
- waning of wax changes
9
Q
body build
A
- lose some height → vertebrae start to collapse
- lose lean muscle → 25 at peak muscle mass and at 40 decline starts
- lose weight due to muscle decline
- BMI Calculations
10
Q
BMI calculations
A
- obesity risks muscle loss, joint loss
- determines insurance coverage, surgery
11
Q
exercise recommendations for body build
A
aerobic exercise
- 150 minutes of moderate activity per week
- 10 minutes or more for each session
resistance
- each major muscle group 2-3 days per week
- 2-4 sets of each exercise
12
Q
mobility changes
A
muscles, bones, joints
13
Q
changes in muscle mass (Sarcopenia)
A
- 30% of muscle mass over a lifetime
- fat tissue starts growing around muscle
- obesity and in-activity: type II diabetes
- less resilient to stressors → frailty
- endocrine organ improves parts of brain like hippocampus
- exercise → physical activity
- speed and strength are affected
- contraction issues disrupted by signals
14
Q
Sarcopenia therapy
A
myostatin disruption
15
Q
bone loss
A
- estrogen is vital to bone loss
women are affected more due to menopause - osteoporosis
bone thinning
hard to tell you have it
bone density scan
bisphosphonates, calcitonin - calcium and sunlight
- continually remodel but slows down and porosity increases
16
Q
minimize bone loss
A
- protein (eggs, quinoa, cottage cheese, tuna, oats)
- calcium (almonds, kale, broccoli, cheese, tofu, sesame seed)
- vitamin D (milk + SUNLIGHT)
- magnesium (bananas)
- certain nuts (Brazil nuts, walnuts)
- potatoes
- carotenoids (carrots, squash, apricots)
17
Q
joints
A
- absorbing force; constant impact
- reticular cartilage deteriorates
- fiber becomes less pliable
- hyaluronic acid (HA) is a necessary protein to help with joint functioning
- work station damage
18
Q
best exercise for reducing joint damage
A
- yoga
- pilates
- resistance training
- stretching
much harder to find ways to help
19
Q
age-related changes to the heart
A
- decreased heart rates: arrhythmias
- fibrosis
- hypertrophy
20
Q
changes in aerobic capacity
A
- varies by age
30s-40s: 3-6% loss per decade
70s +: 20% loss per decade - less decline in exercisers, especially those that start in young adulthood
- may reduce blood pressure, hypertension
- mitigate amount of loss