Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Parenchyma

A

thin primary wall; alive at maturity; many functions; active metabolically; some involved in photosynthesis (chlorenchyma); some secrete nectar, fragrences and oils; some are transfer cells; some conduct nutrients over long distances (phloem)

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2
Q

Collenchyma

A

unevenly thickened primary wall; usually thickened in the corners; alive at maturity; plastic support: can be deformed by pressure or tension; can be stretched; in elongating shoot tips

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3
Q

Slerenchyma

A

primary wall and thickened secondary wall; walls are elastic: can be deformed and return to original shape; dead at maturity; elastic support and transport; two types conducting and mechanical

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4
Q

Nodes

A

where leaves are attached

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5
Q

internodes

A

regions between nodes

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6
Q

Leaf axil

A

stem area just above the point where a leaf attaches

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7
Q

Axillary bud

A

a minature shoot in the lead axil with a dormant apical meristem and several young leaves; either a vegetative bud (branch) or flower bud (flower or group of flowers)

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8
Q

Bud scales

A

small, corky, waxy, modified leaves that covers the bud

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9
Q

Terminal bud

A

a bud at the extreme tip of each stem

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10
Q

Phyllotaxy

A

arrangement of leaves on the stem

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11
Q

Alternate

A

one leaf present at each node

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12
Q

Opposite

A

two leaves per node

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13
Q

Whorled

A

three or more leaves per node

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14
Q

Distichous

A

leaves are arranged in only two rows; ie corn and irises

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15
Q

Decussate

A

leaves are arranged in four rows

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16
Q

Spiral

A

each leaf is slightly to the side of the ones immediately above and below it and the leaves form a spiral up the steam (most common arrangement)

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17
Q

Stolons

A

an aerial stem with elongate internodes; it establishes plantlets periodically when it contacts soil; ie strawberry

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18
Q

Bulbs

A

a short, subterranean (concealed), vertical stem that has fleshy scalelike leaves; ie onion

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19
Q

Corms

A

subterranean, vertical stem that is thick and fleshy and has only thin papery leaves; ie gladiolus (flower)

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20
Q

Rhizomes

A

fleshy, horizontal, subterranean stem involved in allowing the plant to migrate laterally; ie bamboo and iris

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21
Q

Tubers

A

short, fleshy, horizontal stem, involved in storing nutrients but not in migrating laterally; ie potato

22
Q

Epidermis

A

the outermost layer of the plant primary body, covering leaves, flower parts, young stems and roots; made up of a single layer of living parenchyma cells

23
Q

Cuticle

A

layer of cutin (fatty acid substance making water impermeable) on epidermal cells; restricts entry of carbon dioxide and water

24
Q

Wax

A

extremely hydrophobic; contributes to water containing capacity of epidermis

25
Stoma
can also mean "stomatal pore" (see def) and can also mean "stomatal complex" guard cells plus stomatal pore
26
Guard Cells
pair of epidermal cells capable of adjusting their size and shape, causing the stomatal pore to open when they swell and close when they shrink
27
Stomatal Pore
intracellular space between two guard cells; CO2 is absorbed through the pore and water is lost
28
Trichomes
plant hair
29
Cortex
below the epidermis; between the epidermis and phloem in stems and roots; composed of photosynthetic parenchyma and sometimes collenchyma
30
Vascular Xylem
the water and mineral conducting portion of vascular tissues, containing either tracheids or vessel elements or both
31
Tracheids
a xylem conducting cell; type of sclerenchyma; tend to be long and tapered with no perforations
32
Vessel Element
type of sclerenchyma; xylem conducting cell that has one or two perforations (complete hole in the primary wall that permits water to flow easily from one vessel to another)
33
Vascular Phloem
distributes sugars and minerals
34
Sieve Cells
phloem conducting cells in angiosperms; long and tapered
35
Albuminous cells
nurse cell connected to and controlling a enucleate sieve cell in the gymnosperm phloem
36
Sieve tube members
in the phloem of the angiosperms, a column of sieve tube members interconnected by large sieve areas and sieve pores
37
Companion cells
nurse cell that is connected to and a sister cell to an enucleate sieve tube member
38
Vascular Bundle
column of vascular tissue, typically both xylem and phloem together, but in leaves sometimes consisting of only one or the other
39
Pith
region of parenchyma located in the center of most shoots and some roots, surrounded by vascular bundles
40
Apical Meristem
a group of cells specialized for the production of new cells located at the farthest point of the tissue or organ produced
41
Subapical Meristem
the region of a shoot or root just proximal to the apical meristem
42
Protoderm
any immature epidermal cell
43
Provascular
cells in the primary plant body that later differentiate into xylem, phloem or vascular cambium
44
Ground Meristem
any expanse of meristematic tissue that produces somewhat uniform mature tissue
45
Primary Tissues
the tissues derived more or less directly from an apical meristem or leaf primordium; the tissues of the primary plant body
46
Primary Growth
production of new cells by shoot and root apical meristems and leaf primordia
47
Determinate Growth
growth that stops at a genetically predetermined size; typically of leaves and flowers but not of whole shoots and roots
48
Indeterminate Growth
growth not limited by a plant's own genetic development program; most trees have this
49
Determinate Organogenesis
number of organs is predetermined; humans
50
Indeterminate Organogenesis
number of organs is not written in the organism's genetic code; plants