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Plant Biology > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Parenchyma

A

thin primary wall; alive at maturity; many functions; active metabolically; some involved in photosynthesis (chlorenchyma); some secrete nectar, fragrences and oils; some are transfer cells; some conduct nutrients over long distances (phloem)

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2
Q

Collenchyma

A

unevenly thickened primary wall; usually thickened in the corners; alive at maturity; plastic support: can be deformed by pressure or tension; can be stretched; in elongating shoot tips

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3
Q

Slerenchyma

A

primary wall and thickened secondary wall; walls are elastic: can be deformed and return to original shape; dead at maturity; elastic support and transport; two types conducting and mechanical

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4
Q

Nodes

A

where leaves are attached

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5
Q

internodes

A

regions between nodes

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6
Q

Leaf axil

A

stem area just above the point where a leaf attaches

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7
Q

Axillary bud

A

a minature shoot in the lead axil with a dormant apical meristem and several young leaves; either a vegetative bud (branch) or flower bud (flower or group of flowers)

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8
Q

Bud scales

A

small, corky, waxy, modified leaves that covers the bud

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9
Q

Terminal bud

A

a bud at the extreme tip of each stem

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10
Q

Phyllotaxy

A

arrangement of leaves on the stem

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11
Q

Alternate

A

one leaf present at each node

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12
Q

Opposite

A

two leaves per node

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13
Q

Whorled

A

three or more leaves per node

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14
Q

Distichous

A

leaves are arranged in only two rows; ie corn and irises

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15
Q

Decussate

A

leaves are arranged in four rows

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16
Q

Spiral

A

each leaf is slightly to the side of the ones immediately above and below it and the leaves form a spiral up the steam (most common arrangement)

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17
Q

Stolons

A

an aerial stem with elongate internodes; it establishes plantlets periodically when it contacts soil; ie strawberry

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18
Q

Bulbs

A

a short, subterranean (concealed), vertical stem that has fleshy scalelike leaves; ie onion

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19
Q

Corms

A

subterranean, vertical stem that is thick and fleshy and has only thin papery leaves; ie gladiolus (flower)

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20
Q

Rhizomes

A

fleshy, horizontal, subterranean stem involved in allowing the plant to migrate laterally; ie bamboo and iris

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21
Q

Tubers

A

short, fleshy, horizontal stem, involved in storing nutrients but not in migrating laterally; ie potato

22
Q

Epidermis

A

the outermost layer of the plant primary body, covering leaves, flower parts, young stems and roots; made up of a single layer of living parenchyma cells

23
Q

Cuticle

A

layer of cutin (fatty acid substance making water impermeable) on epidermal cells; restricts entry of carbon dioxide and water

24
Q

Wax

A

extremely hydrophobic; contributes to water containing capacity of epidermis

25
Q

Stoma

A

can also mean “stomatal pore” (see def) and can also mean “stomatal complex” guard cells plus stomatal pore

26
Q

Guard Cells

A

pair of epidermal cells capable of adjusting their size and shape, causing the stomatal pore to open when they swell and close when they shrink

27
Q

Stomatal Pore

A

intracellular space between two guard cells; CO2 is absorbed through the pore and water is lost

28
Q

Trichomes

A

plant hair

29
Q

Cortex

A

below the epidermis; between the epidermis and phloem in stems and roots; composed of photosynthetic parenchyma and sometimes collenchyma

30
Q

Vascular Xylem

A

the water and mineral conducting portion of vascular tissues, containing either tracheids or vessel elements or both

31
Q

Tracheids

A

a xylem conducting cell; type of sclerenchyma; tend to be long and tapered with no perforations

32
Q

Vessel Element

A

type of sclerenchyma; xylem conducting cell that has one or two perforations (complete hole in the primary wall that permits water to flow easily from one vessel to another)

33
Q

Vascular Phloem

A

distributes sugars and minerals

34
Q

Sieve Cells

A

phloem conducting cells in angiosperms; long and tapered

35
Q

Albuminous cells

A

nurse cell connected to and controlling a enucleate sieve cell in the gymnosperm phloem

36
Q

Sieve tube members

A

in the phloem of the angiosperms, a column of sieve tube members interconnected by large sieve areas and sieve pores

37
Q

Companion cells

A

nurse cell that is connected to and a sister cell to an enucleate sieve tube member

38
Q

Vascular Bundle

A

column of vascular tissue, typically both xylem and phloem together, but in leaves sometimes consisting of only one or the other

39
Q

Pith

A

region of parenchyma located in the center of most shoots and some roots, surrounded by vascular bundles

40
Q

Apical Meristem

A

a group of cells specialized for the production of new cells located at the farthest point of the tissue or organ produced

41
Q

Subapical Meristem

A

the region of a shoot or root just proximal to the apical meristem

42
Q

Protoderm

A

any immature epidermal cell

43
Q

Provascular

A

cells in the primary plant body that later differentiate into xylem, phloem or vascular cambium

44
Q

Ground Meristem

A

any expanse of meristematic tissue that produces somewhat uniform mature tissue

45
Q

Primary Tissues

A

the tissues derived more or less directly from an apical meristem or leaf primordium; the tissues of the primary plant body

46
Q

Primary Growth

A

production of new cells by shoot and root apical meristems and leaf primordia

47
Q

Determinate Growth

A

growth that stops at a genetically predetermined size; typically of leaves and flowers but not of whole shoots and roots

48
Q

Indeterminate Growth

A

growth not limited by a plant’s own genetic development program; most trees have this

49
Q

Determinate Organogenesis

A

number of organs is predetermined; humans

50
Q

Indeterminate Organogenesis

A

number of organs is not written in the organism’s genetic code; plants

Plant Biology (19 decks)

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