Ch 11

Question 1

Pyruvate

Answer 1

output of glycolysis; used as an electron receptor in anaerobic respiration; not “cheap” because of high energy electrons in bonding orbitals; could be used as a monomer for many types of synthesis

Question 2

Acetyl CoA

Answer 2

coenzyme A and acetyl combination; acetyl is a two carbon fragment; used in many synthetic pathways

Question 3

FAD

Answer 3

flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 4

CoA

Answer 4

coenzyme A; carrier molecule

Question 5

FADH2

Answer 5

reduced version of FAD- flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 6

Cheiosmosis via ATP synthase

Answer 6

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy of an osmotic gradient and a gradient of electrical charge; occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria; electrons are transported to electron transport chain

Question 7

Total Energy Yield of Respiration

Answer 7

Anaerobic- 2 ATP

Aerobic- up to 38 ATP

Question 8

Glycolysis

Answer 8

the metabolic pathway by which glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

synonym for anaerobic respiration; respiration without oxygen

Question 10

Beer

Answer 10

fermenting barley, wheat, corn or rice; must first convert starch to glucose by moistening the grain and allowing enzymes to break down the starch in the endosperm; all ingredients are a mash and warmed in a vault; solid materials are strained out; cooled and yeast is added to ferment; CO2 escapes during brewing

Question 11

Wine

Answer 11

fermented fruit juices rich in sugars; grapes crushed to release juice; S. cerevisiae is added and mixture is cooled; CO2 escapes without O2 entering; during fermentation dead yeast cells and other particles settle on the bottom; fermentation continues as long as sugar is present

Question 12

Spirits

Answer 12

ethanol content above 20%; ethanol added to solution or solution must be distilled; during distillation solution is heated and alcohol evaporates

Question 13

Temperature

Answer 13

.

Question 14

Lack of Oxygen

Answer 14

.

Question 15

Internal Regulation

Answer 15

.

Question 16

Respiration

Answer 16

process that breaks down complex carbon compounds into simpler molecules and simultaneously generates the ATP used to power other metabolic processes; basically the opposite of photosynthesis