Ch 10 Flashcards
Photophosphorylation
the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of light energy; a part of photosynthesis; animals, fungi and nonchlorophyllus pigments cannot perform
Substrate level phosphorylation
the formation of ATP and ADP by having a phosphate group transferred to it from a substrate molecule; what animals and fungi do instead of photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate, powered by energy released through respiration
Oxidize
to raise the oxidation state of a molecule by removing an electron from it; an atom that does not carry as many electrons as it could
Reduce
to lower the oxidation state of a molecule by adding an electron to it; when electrons are added to an atom
Oxidizing agent
an electron carrier that is not carrying electrons
Reducing Agent
an electron carrier that is carrying electrons
Redox potential
the tendency of a molecule to accept or donate electrons during a chemical reaction
Electron carrier NADP+
take electrons away from other molecules so it is an oxidizing agent
Electromagnetic spectrum
includes gamma rays, x-rays, UV light, infrared light, mocrowaves and radio waves in addition to visible light
Photons (quanta)
set of particles; or set of waves
Pigment
any material that absorbs certain wavelengths specifically and has disctinctive color
Chlorophyll a
absorbs only some red and some blue light
Chlorophyll b
.
Accessory Pigments
molecules that strongly absorb wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll a; broaden the action spectrum of photosynthesis by overcoming the narrow absorption of chlorophyll a
Ground State
an electron in its most stable orbital, when it contains the least amount of energy
Excited State
an electron that has absorbed a quantum and moved to a higher orbital; it has more energy than when it is in its ground state
Absorption spectrum
a graph of the relative ability of a pigment to absorb absorb different wavelengths of light
Action spectrum
a graph of the relative rates of reaction of a process as influenced by different wavelengths of light
Antenna complex with reaction center
.
Photosystem I
photosynthetic units with little chlorophyll b
Photosystem II
photosynthetic units with chlorophyll b levels almost equal to chlorophyll a
Photolysis
.
NADPH+ Reductase
.
Chloroplast grana
a set of flat vesicles in chloroplasts, involved in chemiosmotic phosphorylation
Stroma
the liquid surrounding the thylakoid system
Thylakoid lumen
the photosynthetic membranes of chloroplast
Noncyclic electron transport
the flow of electrons from water to NADPH during light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
Cyclic electron transport
the flow of electrons from P700 back to plastoquinone in photosynthesis, such that there is proton pumping but no synthesis of NADPH
C3 metabolism (Calvin cycle)
a set of metabolic reactions in which carbon dioxide is fixed temporarily into organic acids that are transported to bundle sheaths, where they release the carbon dioxide and C3 photosynthesis occurs
C3 metabolism (Calvin cycle)
.
PGAL
.
PGAL
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
Gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
Quality of sunlight
the colors or wavelengths it contains; sunlight is pure white because it contains the entire visible spectrum
Quantity of light
refers to light intensity or brightness affected by clouds, shading, closeness to the equator
Duration
the number of hours per day that sunlight is available
Light compensation point
the level of illumination at which photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide just matches respiratory loss
C4 Metabolism
a set of metabolic reactions in which carbon dioxide is fixed temporarily into organic acids that are transported to bundle sheaths, where they release the carbon dioxide and C3 photosynthesis occurs
Photorespiration
the oxidation of phosphoglycolate produced when RuBP carboxylase adds oxygen, not carbon dioxide, to RuBP
PEP carboxylase
.
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
a metabolism in which carbon dioxide is absorbed at night and fixed temporarily into organic acids. During daytime, the acids break down, carbon dioxide is released, and C3 photosynthesis
