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BIO 101 > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key ingredients of the plasma membrane?

A

phospholipids

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2
Q

What are amphipathic molecules?

A

contain both a hydrophillic region and a hydrophobic region

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3
Q

What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A

envisions the membrane as a “mosaic” of proteins drifting laterally in a fluid phospholipid bulayer

the currently accepted model of cell membrane structure

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4
Q

What are the functions of membrane proteins?

A
  1. transport
  2. signaling
  3. enzymes
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5
Q

What is selective permeability?

A

a property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them

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6
Q

What cannot easily pass through the cell membrane?

A

large molcules, polar molecules, ions

they require the help of membrane proteins!

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7
Q

What are transport proteins?

A

proteins embedded in the membrane that help certain substances cross it

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8
Q

What is an aquaporin?

A

a channel protein in the cell membrane that specifically facilitates osmosis

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9
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

will continue to move down the gradient until equilibrium is reached

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10
Q

What is passive transport?

A

the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no energy expenditure

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11
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

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12
Q

What is tonicity?

A

the ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to either gain or lose water

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13
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

causes a cell to take up water

lyse

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14
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

having a higher concentration of solute than another solution

causes a cell to lose water

shrivel

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15
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

having the same solute concentration as another solution

causes no net movement of water

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16
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

the passage of molecules across a membrane with the help of membrane proteins

requires no energy expenditure

17
Q

What is active transport?

A

the movement of a substance across a membrane mediated by specific transport proteins

requires an expenditure of energy

18
Q

What is membrane potential?

A

the voltage across a cell’s membrane, affects the activity of excitable cells and transmembrane movement

19
Q

What are ion pumps?

A

carrier proteins that carry cations and anions across a cell membrane

influece action potential

20
Q

What is cotransport?

A

occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other substances

21
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane

22
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

a process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane

23
Q

What are the 3 types of endocytosis?

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. pinocytosis
  3. receptor-mediated
24
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

cell eating

25
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

a cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes

cell drinking

26
Q

What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

the uptake of specific molecules based on a cell’s receptor proteins

enables cell to acquire bulk quantities of a substance

27
Q

What are the 3 stages of cell signaling?

A
  1. reception
  2. transduction
  3. response
28
Q

What is reception?

A

the binding of a signaling molecule to a receptor protein, activating the receptor by causing it to change shape

29
Q

What is transduction?

A

the binding of the signaling molecule alters the receptor and initiates a signal transduction pathway

occurs in a series of steps

30
Q

What is reception?

A

the change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transduced signal from outside the cell

31
Q

What is a signal transduction pathway?

A

a series of steps linking a mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulus to a specific cellular response

BIO 101 (11 decks)

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