Ch. 44 Drugs of the RAAS

Question 1

What 4 families of drugs interfere with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

Answer 1

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors (DRIs), and aldosterone antagonists

Question 2

General functions of the RAAS?

Answer 2

plays an important role in regulating BP, blood volume, and fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 3

What are the actions of angiotensin I?

Answer 3

vasoconstriction, release of aldosterone, alteration of cardiac and vascular structure

Question 4

What are the actions of aldosterone?

Answer 4

regulation of blood volume and blood pressure

Question 5

Renin secretion is inhibited by_______

Answer 5

elevation of BP, blood volume and plasma sodium content

Question 6

Renin increases in response to a ________ in _____

Answer 6

decrease; BP, renal perfusion, blood volume

Question 7

The RAAS raises blood pressure through what 2 basic processes?

Answer 7

vasoconstriction and renal retention of water and sodium

Question 8

Prototype drugs acting on the RAAS?

Answer 8

captopril, losartan, aliskiren, eplerenone

Question 9

ACE inhibitors (-prils) therapeutic uses

Answer 9

HTN, HF, MI, diabetic and nondiabetic neuropathy, prevention of MI, stroke, death in high risk patients, diabetic retinopathy

Question 10

ACE inhibitors Adverse effects

Answer 10

first-dose hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, renal failure, fetal injury, angioedema

Question 11

What other drugs (cardiac-specific) interact with ACE inhibitors?

Answer 11

diuretics, CCBs, vasodilators, drugs that raise potassium, NSAIDs

Question 12

What do ACE and ARB stand for?

Answer 12

angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor blockers

Question 13

ARBs (-sartans) therapeutic uses

Answer 13

HTN, HF, diabetic neuropathy, MI, stroke prevention, prevention of MI, stroke, and death in high risk cardio patients, diabetic retinopathy

Question 14

ARBs adverse effects

Answer 14

angioedema, fetal harm, renal failure

Question 15

The only DRI (direct renin inhibitor) available in the U.S.?

Answer 15

aliskiren

Question 16

Aliskiren therapeutic use

Answer 16

HTN, *other antihypertensive usually used first

Question 17

Aliskiren adverse effects

Answer 17

generally well tolerated; diarrhea in high doses, less commonly angioedema, cough, GI effects, hyperkalemia, fetal injury and death

Question 18

The 2 aldosterone antagonist drugs available are___?

Answer 18

spironolactone and eplerenone

Question 19

Eplerenone therapeutic uses

Answer 19

hypertension and HF

Question 20

Eplerenone significant side effect

Answer 20

hyperkalemia