Ch. 41 Diuretics

Question 1

2 major applications for diuretics

Answer 1

treatment of HTN, mobilization of edematous fluid associated with HF, cirrhosis, or kidney disease

Question 2

3 basic functions of the kidneys

Answer 2

cleansing of ECF, maintenance of ECF volume, maintenance of acid-base balance, excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign substances

Question 3

How do diuretics work?

Answer 3

usually by blocking reabsorption of sodium and chloride; this ends up promoting water excretion by preventing reabsorption of water

Question 4

Adverse impacts or effects of diuretic actions?

Answer 4

acid-base imbalance, excess fluid loss, altered electrolyte levels

Question 5

4 major categories of diuretics

Answer 5

loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, osmotic diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 6

Furosemide [Lasix] therapeutic uses

Answer 6

pulmonary edema associated with CHF, edema of cardiac or renal origin where less powerful diuretics were less effective, HTN not controlled with other diuretics

Question 7

Furosemide adverse effects

Answer 7

hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia, rarely ototoxicity

Question 8

Hydrochlorothiazide therapeutic uses

Answer 8

essential HTN, edema

Question 9

Hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects

Answer 9

hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia is diabetics

Question 10

Spironolactone is an _______ antagonist

Answer 10

aldosterone

Question 11

Spironolactone therapeutic uses

Answer 11

HTN, edema, HF

Question 12

Spironolactone adverse affects

Answer 12

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, menstual irregularities, impotence, deepening of the voice

Question 13

Mannitol is an ______ diuretic

Answer 13

osmotic

Question 14

Mannitol therapeutic uses

Answer 14

prophylaxis of renal failure, reduction of intracranial pressure, reduction of intraocular pressure

Question 15

Mannitol adverse effects

Answer 15

edema, headache, nausea, vomiting