Ch 44

Question 1

Osmoregualtion

Answer 1

Maintenance if solute and water balance in an organism

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

Water molecules diffuse across the cell membrane

Occurs when water is more permeable across a membrane than solute

Question 3

Isoosmotic

Answer 3

Water molecules cross membrane at equal rates

Question 4

Hyperosmotic

Answer 4

One solutution has a greater concentration than another

Shriveled Cell

Question 5

Hypoosmotic

Answer 5

Lysed/fat cell

Question 6

Osmoconformers

Answer 6

Isoosmotic with surroundings

Marine animals

Question 7

Osmoregulators

Answer 7

Must control its internal osmolarity

Requires a lot of energy to drive active transport of solutes against concentration gradients

Question 8

Stenohaline

Answer 8

Tolerate only narrow changes in external osmolarity

Question 9

Euryhaline

Answer 9

Can tolerate large fluctuations in external osmolarity

Question 10

Marine animals

Answer 10

Drink large volumes of water

Question 11

Freshwater animals

Answer 11

Adapted to take up salts from water and food

Question 12

Land animals

Answer 12

Evolved to prevent water loss

Question 13

Excretion

Answer 13

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

Question 14

Water and solutes move from plasma to

Answer 14

The kidney -> ureter -> bladder -> urethra

Question 15

Nephron

Answer 15

Functional unit of the kidney

Question 16

Glomerulus

Answer 16

Filtration

Question 17

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

Surrounds glomerulus

Question 18

Filtrate -> Urine

Answer 18

Proximal tubule 
Descending limb
Ascending limb
Distal tubule
Collecting duct

Question 19

Regulation of fluid retention in the kidney

Answer 19

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Posterior pituitary

Increased water reabsorption