Ch 41 Flashcards
Substances we must have in order to survive
Food, Water
Most organisms are ____, _____ feeders
Opertunistic, bulk
3 nutritional needs diet must supply
Fuel, Essential Nutrients, Biosynthetic materials
Insulin
Decreases blood glucose, triggers storage of glucose as glycogen (In liver)
Glucagon
Increases blood glucose, triggers break down of glycogen to release glucose (from liver)
Increased glucose levels in blood after a meal trigger
Insulin release from pancreas
Appetite Suppressers
Leptin (adipose tissue), PYY (small intestine), Insulin (pancreas)
Appetite Stimulant
Ghrelin (stomach)
Increased appetite is typically the result of increased blood ___ levels
Ghrelin
Undernourished =
Caloric Deficiency
Malnourished =
Lacking essential nutrients
4 classes of essential nutrients
Amino acids, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids
Essential amino acids
~10
Important for protein synthesis
Sources of Essential amino acids
Complete: animal products
Incomplete: plant products
Essential amino acids are
Those that cannot be synthesized in the body
Essential fatty acids
Important for membranes, vision, brain, cell signaling
cis-polyunsaturated
Saturated Fatty Acids
Straight, butter
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Bent, oil
Essential vitamins
Required in small amounts for metabolic reactions
Water soluble vitamins
Cleared, not stored
C and B complex
Fat soluble vitamins
Stored in fat, overconsumption can lead to toxicity
A, D, E, K
4 stages of nutrient processing
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
Ingestion
Eating
Digestion
Breaking down food until it becomes absorbable molecules
