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BIOL 1620 {Exam 1} > Ch 41 > Flashcards

Ch 41 Flashcards

1
Q

Substances we must have in order to survive

A

Food, Water

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2
Q

Most organisms are ____, _____ feeders

A

Opertunistic, bulk

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3
Q

3 nutritional needs diet must supply

A

Fuel, Essential Nutrients, Biosynthetic materials

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4
Q

Insulin

A

Decreases blood glucose, triggers storage of glucose as glycogen (In liver)

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5
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose, triggers break down of glycogen to release glucose (from liver)

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6
Q

Increased glucose levels in blood after a meal trigger

A

Insulin release from pancreas

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7
Q

Appetite Suppressers

A

Leptin (adipose tissue), PYY (small intestine), Insulin (pancreas)

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8
Q

Appetite Stimulant

A

Ghrelin (stomach)

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9
Q

Increased appetite is typically the result of increased blood ___ levels

A

Ghrelin

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10
Q

Undernourished =

A

Caloric Deficiency

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11
Q

Malnourished =

A

Lacking essential nutrients

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12
Q

4 classes of essential nutrients

A

Amino acids, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids

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13
Q

Essential amino acids

A

~10

Important for protein synthesis

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14
Q

Sources of Essential amino acids

A

Complete: animal products
Incomplete: plant products

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15
Q

Essential amino acids are

A

Those that cannot be synthesized in the body

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17
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Important for membranes, vision, brain, cell signaling

cis-polyunsaturated

18
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

Straight, butter

19
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Bent, oil

20
Q

Essential vitamins

A

Required in small amounts for metabolic reactions

21
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Cleared, not stored

C and B complex

22
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Stored in fat, overconsumption can lead to toxicity

A, D, E, K

23
Q

4 stages of nutrient processing

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

24
Q

Ingestion

A

Eating

25
Q

Digestion

A

Breaking down food until it becomes absorbable molecules

26
Q

Absorption

A

Cells take up amino acids, sugars, fatty acids

27
Q

Elimination

A

Undigested material passes

28
Q

Essential minerals

A

Chemical/inorganic elements

Small amounts

BIOL 1620 {Exam 1} (8 decks)

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