Ch 41 Pt 2

Question 1

2 types of digestion

Answer 1

Mechanical and Chemical

Question 2

Intracellular Digestion

Answer 2

Food particles are engulfed by phagocytosis and liquids by pinocytosis

Question 3

Extracellular digestion

Answer 3

Specialized compartments that are contiguous with outside of the body

Most common strategy

Question 4

Crop

Answer 4

Storage site for food, fluid is added

Question 5

Gizzard

Answer 5

Contains hard materials to help break down food mechanically

Question 6

Typhosole

Answer 6

Folds in the intestine to increase surface area

Question 7

Gastric Ceca

Answer 7

(Insects, Birds) storage area used to help break down plant material

Mammals have a rudimentary cecum

Question 8

Digestion first 10 seconds

Answer 8

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus

Food triggers release of saliva

Question 9

Saliva contains

Answer 9

Mucus, antibacterial agents, salivary amylase, etc

Question 10

Digestion next few hours

Answer 10

Peristalsis (waves of coordinated muscle contractions)

Stomach stores food and begins chemical breakdown

Question 11

Stretch receptors

Answer 11

Sensation of fullness

Question 12

Mucus Cells

Answer 12

Secrete mucus to protect stomach lining

Question 13

Chief Cells

Answer 13

Secrete pepsinogen

Question 14

Parietal Cells

Answer 14

Secrete HCl

Question 15

Ulcers

Answer 15

Generally causes by bacterial infection

Destroy protective mucus lining, allowing gastric juices to penetrate stomach wall

Question 16

Small Intestine

Answer 16

Duodenum (enzymatic hydrolysis and nutrient absorption)
Jejunum (contributes to nutrient and water absorption)
Ileum (primarily absorbs b12 bile salts and anything jejunum missed)

Question 17

Villi

Answer 17

Large folds in Intestine lining to increase absorption

Each epithelial cell has many microvilli

Question 18

Lacteal

Answer 18

Vessels of lymphatic system, absorb fat

Question 19

Colon

Answer 19

Reclaimed water to makes feces more solid (diarrhea and constipation caused by disruption of this)

Question 20

Rectum

Answer 20

Stores feces until elimination through anus

Question 21

Regulation of the Digestion System

Answer 21

Enteric division of the nervous system

Endocrine system regulates digestion through hormone transport and release

Question 22

Dietary adaptations

Answer 22

Dentition

Extensive cecum/colon (herbivores)- more water absorption

Ruminant stomach (4 chambers)

Question 23

Gut microbes change

Answer 23

Throughout life

Question 24

Mutualistic colon bacteria contain

Answer 24

Hydrolysis enzymes for cellulose digestion into simple sugars

Question 25

Microbiom differences affect

Answer 25

Disease and mood state