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BIOL 1620 {Exam 1} > Ch 42 > Flashcards

Ch 42 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrient exchange can occur directly in

A

Unicellular organisms

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2
Q

Gastrovascular Cavities

A

Ensure diffusional distances are short

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3
Q

Common features of open and closed systems

A

Circulatory fluid (blood or lymph)
Vessels (movement)
Pump (provide pressure)

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4
Q

Open Circulatory systems are found in

A

Insects; arthropods; mollusks

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5
Q

Ostia

A

One way pores in open circulation

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6
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Pumps hemolymph through sinuses that surround the organs

Relax hemolymph back through Ostia

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7
Q

Closed Circulatory systems are found in

A

Vertebrates, Earthworms, Squid, Octopus

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8
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood is confined in vessels and distinct from interstitial fluid

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9
Q

Main components of Closed circulatory system

A

Arteries (away from heart)
Veins (toward heart)
Capillaries (has exchange)

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10
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the basic circulatory system

A

Oxygen carrying pigment

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11
Q

Pulmonary

A

Heart to and from lungs

Lungs add oxygen

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12
Q

Systemic

A

Heart to and from other organs

Sends oxygen to the rest of the body

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13
Q

Diastole

A

“Filling” period when specific chambers relax after a contraction

Pressure is relieved in arteries

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14
Q

Systole

A

“Pumping” period of active contraction

Blood pressure is greatest in arteries

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15
Q

Cardiac Output =

A

Heart rate X stroke volume

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16
Q

Average HR

A

~70bpm

~70mL

17
Q

What drives the cardiac cycle

A

Pacemaker Cells
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node

18
Q

Pacemaker cells

A

Produce electrical signals the cause precisely timed contractions of atria and vesicles

19
Q

SA node

A

Has fastest rhythm- sets heart rhythm

20
Q

AV node

A

Has slower rhythm

21
Q

Blood pressure is determined by

A

Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

22
Q

Total peripheral resistance

A

Largely determined by diameter of arterioles

23
Q

Measurement of blood pressure

A

Cuts off pressure and measures recovery time

Systolic/Diastolic

24
Q

If pressure is low in venous system, how does blood get to the heart

A

Skeletal muscle pump

Respiratory pump

25
Q

After a meal

A

More blood to digestive system

26
Q

Exercise

A

More blood to skeletal muscle

27
Q

Precappilary sphincters

A

Control whether blood flows through capillaries (contraction prevents flow)

28
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Produced by differences in contractions of solute divided by a semipermeable membrane

29
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

Genetic + lifestyle factors

30
Q

Artherosclerosis

A

Gardening of the arteries
Interferes with circulation
Heart attack, stroke, rupture, etc

31
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure
Usually unknown cause
Promotes Artherosclerosis

32
Q

the majority of blood is

A

Plasma

BIOL 1620 {Exam 1} (8 decks)

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