Ch 42 Pt 2

Question 1

4 integrated process of respiration

Answer 1

Ventilation: exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and cells

Question 2

Gassed move by

Answer 2

Diffusion (high to low)

Question 3

Gills

Answer 3

Outfoldings of the body suspended in water

Increased surface area

Question 4

Relative O2 is water is always ____ than air

Answer 4

Lower

Question 5

Gills use

Answer 5

Countercurrent exchange

Question 6

Countercurrent exchange

Answer 6

Ensures that the concentration gradient for O2 movement always favors flow of O2 into the blood

Question 7

Respiration in insects

Answer 7

Trachea

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

O2/CO2 diffuse faster in air than water

Less energy required

Air delivered directly to body cells

Question 9

Lungs

Answer 9

Found in some spiders, snails, vertebrates

Integrated within the circulatory system

Question 10

Which is not a specialized surface for respiration per species

Answer 10

Frogs- trachea

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

Line primary bronchus

Question 12

Gas exchange occurs in the

Answer 12

Alveoli

Question 13

Alveoli

Answer 13

O2 diffuses through epithelium and into capillaries

CO2 diffuses from capillaries across epithelium, into air space

Question 14

Surfactants

Answer 14

Secretions that coat the surface of the alveoli

Question 15

Changes in volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing

Answer 15

Pressure changes that create air flow

Question 16

Positive pressure breathing

Answer 16

Amphibians

Force air down trachea (lack a diaphragm)

Question 17

Negative pressure breathing

Answer 17

Pulls air into lungs

Lung volume increases as diaphragm contracts

Question 18

Residual volume

Answer 18

Old air from each breath so respiratory system doesn’t collapse

Question 19

Correct flow of air into the lungs

Answer 19

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchus, alveoli

Question 20

Birds don’t have

Answer 20

Residual volume

They have 8-9 air sacs to maintain air movement

Air only moves in 1 direction through lungs

Parabronchi

Question 21

Control of breathing

Answer 21

O2, CO2 and pH levels

Question 22

Respiratory pigments

Answer 22

Proteins that transport O2 to tissue

Question 23

It’s takes __ heme groups to form a hemoglobin

Answer 23

4

Question 24

___ is the key element for hemoglobin/ facilitation of O2 movement

Answer 24

Fe

Question 25

Small changes in partial pressure of O2 can result in

Answer 25

Large changes in O2 delivery