Ch. 4 vocab

Question 1

hardware

Answer 1

electronic components and related gagetry that input, process, output and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software

Question 2

input hardware

Answer 2

devices such as the keyboard, mouse, document scanner, bar-code

Question 3

central processing unit (CPU)

Answer 3

is like the brain of the computer, cpu have the smarts of the machine, selecting instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory

Question 4

main memory

Answer 4

RAM-Random Access Memory

Question 5

Output hardware

Answer 5

video displays, printers, audio speakers, overhead projectors

Question 6

storage hardwar

Answer 6

saves data and programs. magnetic discs

Question 7

universal serial bus (USB)

Answer 7

connectors

Question 8

Binary digits

Answer 8

called bits a switch can be either closed or open

Question 9

bytes

Answer 9

an 8-bit chunk of memory, one character per byte

Question 10

kilobyte

Answer 10

1024 bytes

Question 11

megabyte

Answer 11

1024 kilobytes

Question 12

gigabyte

Answer 12

1024 megabytes

Question 13

terabyte

Answer 13

1024 gigabytes

Question 14

petabytes

Answer 14

1024 terabytes

Question 15

exabyte

Answer 15

1024 petabytes

Question 16

operating system

Answer 16

program that controls computers resources

Question 17

memory swapping

Answer 17

placing just requested program or data into vacated space and directing CPU usage

Question 18

volatile

Answer 18

contents lost when power is off

Question 19

magnetic and optical discs

Answer 19

nonvolatile meaning their cocntents survive when power is off

Question 20

client

Answer 20

computers for word processing, spreadsheets, database access,

Question 21

Servers

Answer 21

provide some service such as process email

Question 22

server farm

Answer 22

groups of servers working together to complete processes

Question 23

horizontal market application

Answer 23

software that provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries

Question 24

vertical market application

Answer 24

software that serves the needs of a specific industry

Question 25

thick client application

Answer 25

preinstalled on the client

Question 26

thin client application

Answer 26

runs with a browser and doesn't need to be preinstalled

Question 27

firmware

Answer 27

is computer software that is installed into devices such as printers, print servers and various types of communication devices

Question 28

closed source

Answer 28

the source code is highl,y protected and only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors

Question 29

open source

Answer 29

anyone can obtain the cource code from the open source projects website