Ch. 4 Structural Relations

Question 1

Branch

Answer 1

A line connecting two parts of a tree

Question 2

Node

Answer 2

The end of the branch

Question 3

Label

Answer 3

The name given to a node

Question 4

(Proper) Domination

Answer 4

Node A dominates node B if and only if A is higher up in the tree than B and if you can trace a branch from A to B going only downwards.

Question 5

Immediately Dominate

Answer 5

Node A immediately dominates node B if there is no intervening node G that is dominated by A, but dominates B. (In other words, A is the first node that dominates B.)

Question 6

Mother

Answer 6

A is the mother of B if A immediately dominates B.

Question 7

Daughter

Answer 7

B is the daughter of A if B is immediately dominated by A.

Question 8

Sisters

Answer 8

Two nodes that share the same mother

Question 9

Root Node

Answer 9

The node that dominates everything, but is dominated by nothing. (The node that is no node’s daughter.)

Question 10

Terminal Node

Answer 10

A node that dominates nothing. (A node that is not a mother.)

Question 11

Non-Terminal Node

Answer 11

A node that dominates something. (A node that is a mother).

Question 12

Exhaustive Domination

Answer 12

Node A exhaustively dominates a set of terminal nodes provided it dominates all the members of the set and there is no terminal node G dominated by A that is not a member of the set.

Question 13

Constituent

Answer 13

A set of terminal nodes exhaustively dominated by a particular node

Question 14

Constituent of

Answer 14

A is a constituent of B if and only if B dominates A.

Question 15

Immediate Constituent of

Answer 15

A is a immediate constituent of B if and only if B immediately dominates A.

Question 16

Sister Precedence

Answer 16

Node A sister-precedes node B if and only if both are immediately dominated by the same node, and A appears to the left of B.

Question 17

Precedence

Answer 17

Node A precedes node B if and only if neither A dominates B nor B dominates A and A or some node dominating A sister-precedes B or some node dominating B.

Question 18

No Crossing Branches Constraint

Answer 18

If node X precedes another node Y then X and all nodes dominated by X must precede Y and all nodes dominated by Y.

Question 19

Immediate Precedence

Answer 19

A immediately precedes B if there is no node G that follows A but precedes B

Question 20

C-Command (informal)

Answer 20

A node c-commands its sisters and all that daughters of its sisters

Question 21

C-Command (formal)

Answer 21

Node A c-commands node B if every node dominating A also dominates B and neither A nor B dominates the other.

Question 22

Symmetric C-Command

Answer 22

A symmetrically c-commands B if A c-commands B and B c-commands A.

Question 23

Asymmetric C-command

Answer 23

A asymmetrically c-commands B if A c-commands B but B does not c-command A.

Question 24

Government

Answer 24

Node A governs node B if A c-commands B, and there is no node G, where G is c-commanded by A and G c-commands B.

Question 25

Phrase-Government

Answer 25

If A is a phrase, then the categories that count for G in the above definition must also be phrases

Question 26

Head-Government

Answer 26

If A is a head (word), then the categories that count for G in the above definition must also be heads.

Question 27

Subject

Answer 27

NP or CP daughter of Tp

Question 28

Object of Preposition

Answer 28

NP daughter of PP

Question 29

Oblique

Answer 29

Any NP/PP in the sentence that is not a subject, object of a preposition, or indirect object.