CH. 2 Parts of Speech

Question 1

Parts of Speech

Answer 1

The labels we give constituents (N, V, Adj., Adv., D, P, C, T, Neg., Conj). These determine the position of the word in the sentence.

Question 2

Distribution

Answer 2

Parts of Speech are determined based on their ______.

Question 3

Morphological Distribution

Answer 3

What affixes are found on the word

Question 4

Syntactic Distribution

Answer 4

What other words are nearby

Question 5

Complementary Distribution

Answer 5

When you have two categories and they never appear in the same environment, and usually means that two categories are subtypes of a larger class.

Question 6

Parts of Speech that are Open Class

Answer 6

N, V, Adj., Adv and can take new members or coinages

Question 7

Parts of Speech that are Closed Class

Answer 7

D, P, Conj, C, T, Neg, and the pronoun subcategory of N these don’t allow new coinages

Question 8

Lexical Categories

Answer 8

Express the content of the sentence and are N, V, Adj, Adv

Question 9

Functional Categories

Answer 9

Contain the grammatical information in a sentence and are D, P, Conj, T, Neg, C

Question 10

Subcategories

Answer 10

The major parts of speech can often be divided up into subtypes

Question 11

Feature Notations

Answer 11

_________ on major categories are a mechanism for indicating subcategories.

Question 12

Plurality

Answer 12

The number of nouns and is indicated in English with an -s suffix. Don’t require a determiner.

Question 13

Count vs. Mass

Answer 13

Count nouns can appear with determiners and the quantifier many. Mass nouns appear with much and usually don’t have articles.

Question 14

Predicate

Answer 14

Defines the relation between the individuals being talked about and some fact about them - as well as relations among arguments.

Question 15

Argument Structure

Answer 15

The number of arguments that a predicate takes

Question 16

Arguments

Answer 16

the entities who are participating in the predicate relation

Question 17

Intransitive

Answer 17

A predicate that takes only one argument

Question 18

Transitive

Answer 18

A predicate that takes two arguments

Question 19

Ditransitive

Answer 19

A predicate that takes three arguments

Question 20

Noun

Answer 20

appear after determiners and can appear after adj

Question 21

Verb

Answer 21

Can follow auxiliaries and modals and follows subjects, and can follow adv

Question 22

Adj.

Answer 22

can appear between D and N and auxiliary

Question 23

Adverbs

Answer 23

can’t appear between a determiner and a noun or after the verb is

Question 24

Prespositions (P)

Answer 24

appear before nouns Ex. to, from, under, over, with, by, at …

Question 25

Determiners (D)

Answer 25

Contains the subcategories articles (Ex. the, a, an), quantifiers (Ex. every, some, many, most, few …), numerals (Ex. one, two, three…), deictics (Ex. this, that, these, those), and possessive pronouns (Ex. my, yours, his …) and appear at the very beginning of English Noun phrases.
Also can include some wh-question words like which and whose

Question 26

Conjunctions (Conj)

Answer 26

Words that connect two or more phrases together on an equal level Ex. and, or, nor, neither

Question 27

Complementizers (C)

Answer 27

connects structures together, but they embed one clause inside of another instead of keeping them on an equal level Ex. That, for, if, whether

Question 28

Tense (T)

Answer 28

Consists of Auxiliaries (Ex. have/has/had), Modals (Ex. will, would, shall), and the nonfinite clause marker (to).

Question 29

Negation (Neg.)

Answer 29

Contains only one word which is NOT