CH. 4 Speech Science Flashcards
Abduction
Vocal Fold movement away from each other
Adduction
Movement toward the midline; vocal fold movement toward each other
Aspiration
The presence of food or liquid in the airway below the level of the true vocal folds
Central nervous system (CNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal chord
Corpus callosum
Fiber pathways joining the cerebral hemispheres
Diaphragm
Primary inspiratory muscles that expand the size of the lungs; a bowl shaped between the lungs a abdominal contents
External intercostal muscles
A sheet of 11 muscles that lie between the ribs; the muscles act to increase the front to back, side to side, and top to bottom volume of the lungs
Fundametal frequency
The lowest frequency of a complex periodic waveform
Gray matter
composed of primarily neuron cell bodies
Internal intercostal muscles
A series of muscles lying between the ribs, pulled down on the ribcage and expiratory muscles of the back pulled down on the back of the ribs to reduce the volume of the lungs.
Meninges
Tissue layers that cover skull and spinal cord
Myelin
(Sheath) white matter and a fatty insulator covering the axon of a neuron that speeds up the transmission of impulses
Neuron
A nerve cell/specialized cell transmitting nerve endings-many different sizes and shapes, they consist of a cell body, a nucleus, dendrites, and an axon (which sometimes has myelin); they can be efferent (conveys message from higher to lower structures) or afferent (brings a message to a higher structure), and they communicate by neurotransmitters being released into the synapses
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Groups of nerves extending from the CNS that consist of 12 cranial nerves (all but 2 of them come off the brainstem) and 31 spinal nerves (from the neck down)
