Ch. 4 Leadership, Quality Improvement and Safety, Practice Inquiry and Health Policy Flashcards
Team Leadership Model: Decision 1
Should the leader monitor the team or take action?
Team Leadership Model: Decision 2
Should the leader intervene to meet the task or relational need?
Team Leadership Model: Decision 3
Should the leader intervene internally or externally?
conflict resolution:
directed by a neutral third party who facilitates a “win-win” situation
mediation:
voluntary and confidential process in which a third party facilitates discussion to reach an agreement
arbitration:
process in which a third party reviews evidence from both sides and makes a decision to settle the case
negotiation:
discussion among two or more people w/ the goal of reaching an agreement
conflict:
occurs when a person believes his or her needs, interests, or values are incompatible w/ others
professional civility:
behavior that shows respect towards another person
critical thinking:
acquisition of knowledge w/ an attitude of deliberate inquiry
evidence-based practice:
integration of the best research evidence w/ clinical expertise and client values and needs
research utilization process (4):
-critique research
-synthesize the findings
-apply the findings
-measure the outcomes
PICO stands for:
P= patient, population of pts, problem
I= intervention
C= comparison (another tx, therapy, placebo)
O= outcome
and T for timeframe
internal validity:
the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome)
external validity:
the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized
descriptive statistics
used to describe the basic features of the data in the study
exp: mean, standard deviation, variance
True or False: the larger the variance, the larger the dispersion of scores
True
inferential statistics:
numerical values that enable one to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone
t test:
assess whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other
analysis of variance (ANOVA):
tests differences among 3 or more groups
Pearson’s correlation:
tests relationship between 2 variables
probability:
likelihood of an event occurring; lies between 0 and 1
impossible event= 0
certain event = 1
P value:
level of significance, probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone
True or False: If P = .01, there is a 1% probability of obtaining a result by chance alone
True
institutional review boards (IRBs) ensure that
overall, the rights and welfare of human research participants are protected, and has authority to approve, require modifications, or disapprove of any research activities
Institute of Medicine’s quality aims (6):
-safe
-effective
-client-centered
-timely
-efficient
-equitable
Donabedian model (3):
-structure
-process
-outcome
PDSA cycle:
Plan: plan the change
Do: carry out plan
Study: examine results
Act: decide what actions will improve the process
types of conflict of interest (4)
-relationships w/ pharmaceutical, medical supply, or insurance companies
-money, gifts in kind
-referrals
-fee splitting
rights of clients (3)
-confidentiality
-least restrictive tx
-give consent/ withdraw consent at any time
4 components of health policy:
Process: formulation, implementation, and eval
Policy reform: changes in programs and practices
Policy environment: arena the process takes place in (gov, media, public)
Policy makers: key players and stakeholders
Branches of law (3):
Executive (implement law)
Legislative (initial formulation)
Judicial (interpret law)
what is the highest level of evidence in literature when evaluating quantitative research?
an RCT
what is the first step the PMHNP should complete to begin the system change process?
conduct a systemic needs assessment of the orginization
what model or framework can the PMHNP use to guide their quality improvement project (2)?
Donabedian model and PDSA cycle
