Ch 4 - Infection Control Flashcards
an infection or growth of a microorganism in the body that causes disease
infection
when resident flora found all over the surface of the body cause an infection, they are referred to as ____ _____
opportunistic microorganisms
infectious organisms
pathogens
infectious agents found in the hospital are often ___ virulent and resistant to treatment than organisms found at large in the community
more
more virulent hospital pathogens are called
HAIs
HAIs
hospital acquired infections
HAIs are also called ______ infections
nonsocomial
BBP
blood-borne pathogens
- percutaneous injury via needle puncture
- contact of mucous membranes via splashes or touching
- contact of nonintact skin via splashes or contact with contaminated gloves/hands
- human bite
- contact with equipment or lab instruments contaminated with body fluid
- droplet transmission
These are all ways to get contact with ____ _____
blood-borne pathogens
the 3 primary elements of the chain of infection
reservoir, mode of transmission, and susceptible host
the two sources of infection
person, fomite
an object that is a source of infection
fomite
reservoir
source of infection
means by which the infectious agent leaves the host
method of escape
means by which the infectious agent enters the host, resulting in infection or colonization
method of entry
contact droplet airborne common vehicle vector
These are the 5 means by which
infectious agents can spread
two types of contact transmission
direct, indirect
the most frequent and important transmission route for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
contact transmission
transfer of organisms from an infected person directly to a susceptible host by physical contact
direct contact transmission
contact between a susceptible host and a fomite
indirect contact transmission
particles are generated from the source by coughing, sneezing, or talking and transmitted
droplet transmission
_____ transmission is usually for only a brief time and within a short distance (about 3 feet) from the source
droplet
______ transmission involves droplet nuclei smaller than 5 μm or dust particles generated by sneezing, coughing, singing, or talking
airborne
____ ____ can be transported long distances and cause disease when inhaled
droplet nuclei
HEPA filter
high-efficiency particulate air
special ventilation and high-efficiency particulate air filters are needed to prevent _____ transmission
airborne
Which type of transmission involves a common source that can cause multiple cases of infection?
common vehicle transmission
E. coli is an example of which type of transmission?
common vehicle transmission
organisms that carry infectious agents but are not harmed by them
vector
arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes, and mites are examples of ____
vectors
practice good hand hygiene
use PPE
isolating patients with infectious diseases
using Standard Precautions
These are ways to break the chain of infection between ___ and ___
source, host
the most important means of preventing the spread of infection and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms
hand hygiene
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
barriers and respirators used to protect skin, mucous membranes, and clothing from contact with infectious agents
personal protective equipment
1) hand hygiene
2) gown
3) mask, respirator, goggles, or face shield
4) put on gloves
What are these the steps for?
putting on PPE
1) gown and gloves
2) hand hygiene
3) goggles/face shield
4) mask or respirator
What steps are these for?
taking off PPE
infection control measures that use barrier protection and work practice controls to prevent contact between skin or mucous membranes and blood, other bodily fluids, and tissues
Standard Precautions
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
the regulatory enforcement agency for employee health and safety
OSHA
OSHA’s ____ _____ standard is a regulation approved in 1992 to protect healthcare workers from infection
bloodborne pathogen
____ ___ measures separate an infection source from susceptible hosts that can protect employees, visitors, and all patients
isolation control
_____ isolation protects an immunocompromised patients
reverse
____ __ isolation precautions are used for all patients in the hospital without regard for diagnosis or infection status
Tier 1
___ __ isolation precautions are used for transmission-based precautions (TBP), which are used for patients known to be or suspected of being infected with a transmissible pathogen
Tier 2
____ precautions used for patients known or suspected to have a disease transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
airborne
an example of a disease requiring airborne precautions
tuberculosis
example of diseases requiring droplet precautions
meningitis, pneumonia
hepatitis A, herpes, and MRSA are examples of diseases requiring ____ precautions
contact
