Ch 10 - Venipuncture Equipment Flashcards
10% ___ solution works well as a disinfectant
bleach
a ____ is the most common way to locate and vein and makes the veins bulge
tourniquet
the most commonly used antiseptic is ___________
70% isopropyl alcohol
inhibits the growth or reproduction of bacteria but doesn’t kill them
bacteriostatic
isopropyl alcohol is _____
bacteriostatic
sharp needle provides smooth entry into skin with minimum amount of pain
What part of the needle is this?
point
angle of the needle, eases the shaft into the skin
bevel
diameter of the needle’s lumen
gauge
hollow part of the needle
lumen
the larger the number of the needle size, the ___ the lumen
smaller
needle attaches to the collection tube or syringe at its ___
hub
18 gauge is ____ color
pink
20 G is ___ color
yellow
21 G is ____ color
green
22 G is ____ color
black
while one tip of the needle penetrates the skin, the other tip pierces the rubber cap of an evacuated collection tube
a retractable rubber sleeve covers the second tip when not inserted into the tube
Which type of needle does this describe?
multisample needle
What type of tool provides a controlled, gentle vacuum for fragile veins?
safety syringe needles
a syringe needle is also called a ____ needle
hypodermic
What type of tool is used for venipuncture on small veins, especially hand veins or elderly/pediatric patients?
butterflies
What is the most common butterfly needle size?
23 G 3/4 inch
____ issued a directive in Nov 2000 that stressed the use of safety devices to help decrease the number of sharps injuries
OHSA
Which type of needle is most commonly used for blood collections?
multisample needle
each type of collection tube may contain different sets of ____
additives
chemicals designed to promote or prevent certain changes to the blood sample inside the vacutainer
additives
the fluid portion of blood that remains after clotting
serum
fluid portion of blood including the fibrogen and other clotting factors
plasma
any tube containing an additive must be inverted and mixed well immediately after removal from the adapter
most tubes need __-__ inversions
5-8
many tubes are coated with _____ to prevent blood from adhering to the wall and to slow clotting
silicone
prevents blood from clotting
anticoagulants
EDTA, citrate, and oxalate prevent clotting by binding ____
calcium
heparin prevents clotting by preventing the conversion of prothrombin to ____
thrombin
_____ directly increases clotting
thrombin
_____ is used for stat serum chemistry determinations or if the patient is on anticoagulants
thrombin
an inert, synthetic substance whose density is between that of cells of blood serum and plasma
polymer gel
____ __ prevents contamination and becomes a liquid when centrifuged –> moves between the lower cell layer and the upper serum/plasma layer
polymer gel
additive - sodium polyanethanolesulfonate (SPS) to inhibit complement and phagocytosis
specimen - whole blood
tests - use this tube to recover microorganisms causing blood infection
Which color is this tube?
yellow sterile
tests - coagulation tests, prothrombin time (PT)
additive - sodium citrate (anticoagulant)
9:1 blood:Na citrate
specimen - plasma
Which color is this tube?
light blue
tests - chemistry, serology, blood bank
additive - clot activators in plastic, nothing in glass
specimen - serum (after centrifuge)
Which color is this tube?
red (plastic or glass)
tests - complete blood count (CBC), sedimentation rate, routine immunohematology
additive - EDTA (anticoagulant)
specimen - whole blood
Which color is this tube?
lavender
tests - viral loads
additives - polymer gel with EDTA
specimen - plasma
Which color is this tube?
white
tests - most chemistry tests
additives - clot activator/polymer gel (SST)
specimen - serum
Which color is this tube?
gold or red-gray
tests - lactic acid measurement, glucose tolerance test, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood alcohol levels
additive - antiglycolytic agent (iodoacetate or sodium fluoride) that preserves glucose, or perhaps the anticoagulant potassium oxalate or heparin
specimen - plasma
Which color is this tube?
gray
tests - sedimentation rate
additive - buffered sodium citrate
specimen - whole blood
Which color is this tube?
black
tests - stat and routine chemistry tests, ammonia, electrolytes, arterial blood gases (ABGs)
additive - sodium heparin, lithium heparin, or ammonium heparin
specimen - plasma
Which color is this tube?
green
tests - stat and routine chemistry tests
additive - heparin/polymer gel
specimen - plasma
Which color is this tube?
light green or green-gray (camo)
tests - stat chemistry
additive - thrombin
specimen - serum
Which color is this tube?
orange or yellow-gray
tests - toxicology, trace metals, nutritional analysis
additive - heparin, EDTA, or none
specimen - plasma or serum
Which color is this tube?
royal blue
tests - lead analysis
additive - heparin
specimen - plasma
Which color is this tube?
tan
tests - human leukocyte antigen (HLA) studies
additive - acid citrate and dextrose
specimen - whole blood
Which color is this tube?
yellow nonsterile
tests - blood bank compatibility test
additive - K2 EDTA
specimen - whole blood or plasma
Which color is this tube?
pink
Order of Draw
Blood Culture Tubes light blue red gold (or red-gray) light green dark green lavender gray yellow
Mnemonic for order of draw
Boys Love Ravishing Girls Like Dieters Love Greek Yogurt
a used needle is considered _____ ___
biohazardous waste
underfilled sodium citrate tubes will result in ____ results due to excess anticoagulant
erroneous
shaking a blood tube results in ____
hemolysis
an antiseptic should be in contact with the skin for ___-___ seconds
30-60
____ is the anticoagulant used for blood gas determinations
heparin
anticoagulant EDTA works by binding ____, which is needed to clot blood
calcium
