CH 4: Basic Pharmacology

Question 1

Routes of administration

Answer 1

Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalation, intranasal, transdermal, subcutaneous, sublingual, intrathecal, rectal

Question 2

What are the 2 fastest routes of administration?

Answer 2

IV and inhalation

Question 3

ED50

Answer 3

Effective dose for 50% of subjects

Question 4

LD50

Answer 4

Lethal dose for 50% pf subjects

Question 5

What is TI and what does it indicate?

Answer 5

LD50/ED50. The higher the TI, the larger the margin of safety.

Question 6

Margin of safety

Answer 6

The difference between the effective does and lethal dose

Question 7

Therapeutic window

Answer 7

Range of drug doses that can treat effectively without toxic effects

Question 8

4 drug interactions

Answer 8

Additivity, antagonism, synergism, and potentiation

Question 9

Additivity

Answer 9

2(+) chemicals is the sum of the expected responses

Question 10

Antagonism

Answer 10

Exposure to 1 chemical reduces the effect of the other chemical

Question 11

Synergism

Answer 11

The combined effects of 2 drugs is greater than the sum of each of them acting on their own

Question 12

Potentiation

Answer 12

A drug with no effect is exposed to another drug to cause a toxic effect

Question 13

Potency

Answer 13

Smallest dose needed to produce effects

Question 14

Efficacy

Answer 14

Maximum effect a drug can produce

Question 15

What route of administration needs the highest dose?

Answer 15

Oral

Question 16

Which route of administration is the most addictive?

Answer 16

IV

Question 17

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 17

What the body does to the drug

Question 18

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 18

What the drug does to the body

Question 19

T 1/2

Answer 19

Half life; the time at which the drug has lost half of its max concentration