Ch 39. Oxygen Flashcards
How is blood oxygenated
ventilation, perfusion, and transport of respiratory gases.
What controls the control the rate and depth of respiration.
Neural and chemical regulators
Diseases that impact contractilitivy also…
decrease stroke volume
Factors that decrease pump effectiveness/blood volume
coronary artery disease,
cardiomyopathy,
hemorrhage
dehydration.
Coronary artery circulation function
Coronary arteries supply the myocardium with nutrients and remove waste products.
Systemic circulation function
Arteries and veins deliver nutrients and oxygen and remove waste products to all body systems.
Parasympathetic system effect on heart
Decreases the heart rate through vegas nerve
Conduction system (think path of electrical conduction)
Electrical impulse originates with the sinoatrial (SA) node or pacemaker –> atrioventricular (AV) node –>bundle of His –> Purkinje fibres
Explain COPD
the lungs to lose the elastic recoil causing an increased work of breathing.
What happens with Decreased lung compliance, increase resistance, increased WOB?
NRG needed to breathe (now you need to do more work to breathe, increased meabloic rate, need more O2, need to breathe harder, muscle works harder, etc)
Physiological processes of respiration
- Neruo/Chem
- Vol/Invol
- Neural regulation: maintains rthythum and depth
- Cerebral Cortex: voluntary control of respiration
- Medulla Oblongata: automatic control of respiration or involuntary respiration.
- Chemical Respiration: maintains rate and depth due to changes in blood O2/CO2 [ ]
- Chemoreceptors: changes in chemical connect stimulate them to stimulate neural regulation
Physiological factors affecting oxygenation
Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
Hypovolemia
Increased metabolic rate
- Anemia(decrease O2 carry capacity)
- Toxic Inhalant (decrease O2 carry capacity)
- Airway Obstruction (limits O2 delivery to aveoli)
- High Altitude (02 [ ] is lower)
- Fever (increase metabolic rate/tissue demand for O2)
- Decrease Chest Wall Movement (reduce air inspired)
Conditions affecting chest wall movement decrease ventalation
Pregnancy Obesity Musculoskeletal abnormalities Trauma Neuromuscular diseases Central nervous system alterations Influences of chronic diseases
COPD and Oxygen
-adapted to higher levels of CO2 in body and chemoreceptors don’t work. Stimulated to breathe by decreased O2. If excess O2 is delivered they don’t have the stimulus to breathe. Their brain doesn’t get the message to breathe. People with COPD have lower oxygen. Common range is 88-92%
Developmental factors: Resp/O2
- Infants and toddlers
- School-age children and adolescents
- Young and middle-aged adults
- Older persons
Infants and toddlers – prone to respiratory infection
School-age children and adolescents – risk to secondhand smoke
Young and middle-aged adults – unhealthy diet, lack of
exercise, stress
Older persons – aging process, bone structure changes, plaque build up
