Ch 31. Pain

Question 1

4 phases of Nociecption

Answer 1

Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation

Question 2

Characteristics of pain

OPQRSTUV

Answer 2

Onset, duration, and sequence
Provocation/pain pattern
Palliation/relief measures
Quality
Radiation/location
Severity/intensity
Contributing symptoms

Question 3

Setting priorities for patients pain

Answer 3

Priority of patient: what are they willing to go on, modalities, what do they want? clarity, quality, quantify, function

Question 4

Nonpharmacological interventions

Answer 4

• Relaxation and guided imagery
• Distraction
• Music
• Biofeedback
• Acupuncture
• Cutaneous stimulation (Touch healing, massage, heat, cold, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS))
• Therapeutic touch (TT) and reiki
• Herbal supplements
• Reducing pain perception

Question 5

Control painful stimuls in the patients enviornment

Answer 5

• linens are smooth
• maintain the right room temp
• loosen constricting bandages
• change wet dressings/linens
• position patient properly in bed and over a bedpan
• lift don’t pull patient into bed
• avoid exposing skin or mucus membranes to irritants
• reduce light/ambient sound
• prevent constipation with stool softeners
• prevent UTI’s with catherer care

Question 6

3 types of Analgesics

Answer 6

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nonopioids
Opioids
Adjuvants/co-analgesics

Question 7

Barriers to Effective Pain Management

Answer 7

Can include the patient, health care provider, and health care system
Fear of addition
Physical dependence, addiction, and drug tolerance
Placebos